Aortic Annulus S-Curve

The Role of CT-Guided Optimal Fluoroscopic Viewing Angle to Guide Right Endomyocardial Biopsy

“…This case demonstrates the benefits of using a 4-chamber view typically obtained in shallow RAO/steep cranial to elongate the ventricular septum in plane and appropriately direct catheters (eg, bioptomes and pacemaker leads) to their intended position. 1 , 2 , 3 …”

Using Aortic and Mitral Annuluses S Curves to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patient with Mechanical Mitral Valve

“…To determine the correct distance between them, the coordinate of intersection between the plane of the 2 annuluses should be measured. Double S curve measurement should be recommended during cusp overlap or valve in valve procedures; 2 to our best knowledge, this is the first usage in patient with mechanical mitral valve.…”