Aortic stenosis is independently associated with male gender, obesity renal failure, COPD, Caucasians and numerous inflammatory diseases in addition to known cardiovascular risk factors

Abstract

Background: Aortic valve stenosis is associated with age, rheumatic fever, and bicuspid aortic valve but its association with other comorbidities such as inflammatory disease and race is less known. The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between aortic stenosis and many comorbidities. Method: We utilized the large Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to evaluate any association between aortic stenosis and risk factors. We performed uni- and multivariate analyses adjusting for comorbid conditions. Results: Data were extracted from the first available database that used ICD-10 codes specifically coding for aortic stenosis alone, spanning from 2016 to 2020. Data included 112,982,565 patients. A total of 2,322,649 had aortic stenosis, with the remaining 110,659,916 patients serving as controls. We found a strong and independent significant association between aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease (OR: 2.11, CI 2.09 - 2.13, P < 0.001), smoking (OR: 1.08, CI 1.07 - 1.08, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.15, CI 1.14 - 1.16, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.41, CI 1.4 - 1.43, P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (OR: 1.31, CI 1.3 - 1.32, P < 0.001), renal disease (OR: 1.3, CI 1.29 - 1.31, P < 0.001), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) (OR: 1.05, CI 1.04 - 1.05, P < 0.001), obesity (OR: 1.3, CI 1.29 -1.32, P < 0.001), rheumatoid arthritis (OR: 1.13, CI 1.11 - 1.15, P <0.001), scleroderma (OR: 1.93, CI 1.79 - 2.09, P <0.001), systemic connective tissue disease (OR: 1.24, CI 1.2 - 1.27, P <0.001), polyarteritis nodosa (OR: 1.5, CI 1.24 -1.81, P <0.001), and Raynauds syndrome (OR: 1.16, CI 1.09 - 1.24, P <0.001), in addition to known factors such as age, male gender and bicuspid aortic valve. Conclusion: Using a very large database, we found many new associations for the presence of aortic valve stenosis including race, renal disease, several inflammatory diseases, COPD, and obesity in addition to many other known cardiovascular risk factors.