APDS: the autonomous pathogen detection system

Hindson, Benjamin J.; Makarewicz, Anthony J.; Setlur, Ujwal S.; Henderer, Bruce D.; McBride, Mary T.; Dzenitis, John M.

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.027

Cited by 60 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The most sophisticated platform autonomously conducts water filtration, DNA extraction, and genetic assays while deployed and transmits data via satellite (Preston et al 2011). Surveillance of airborne biological hazards has motivated similar developments (Hindson et al 2005), and engineers have also demonstrated use of unmanned aerial systems (i.e. 'drones') to remotely collect water samples (Ore et al 2015).…”

Section: Remote and Autonomous Sampling And Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of environmental DNA and implications for conservation genetics

2015

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Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to the genetic material that can be extracted from bulk environmental samples such as soil, water, and even air. The rapidly expanding study of eDNA has generated unprecedented ability to detect species and conduct genetic analyses for conservation, management, and research, particularly in scenarios where collection of whole organisms is impractical or impossible. While the number of studies demonstrating successful eDNA detection has increased rapidly in recent years, less research has explored the ''ecology'' of eDNA-myriad interactions between extraorganismal genetic material and its environment-and its influence on eDNA detection, quantification, analysis, and application to conservation and research. Here, we outline a framework for understanding the ecology of eDNA, including the origin, state, transport, and fate of extraorganismal genetic material. Using this framework, we review and synthesize the findings of eDNA studies from diverse environments, taxa, and fields of study to highlight important concepts and knowledge gaps in eDNA study and application. Additionally, we identify frontiers of conservation-focused eDNA application where we see the most potential for growth, including the use of eDNA for estimating population size, population genetic and genomic analyses via eDNA, inclusion of other indicator biomolecules such as environmental RNA or proteins, automated sample collection and analysis, and consideration of an expanded array of creative environmental samples. We discuss how a more complete understanding of the ecology of eDNA is integral to advancing these frontiers and maximizing the potential of future eDNA applications in conservation and research.

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Section: Remote and Autonomous Sampling And Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of environmental DNA and implications for conservation genetics

2015

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“…Quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) allows not only the identification of collected species, but also their quantification, once proper standard (calibration) curves have been prepared. The conventional QPCR has been incorporated into bioaerosol detection systems, such as the APDS (Hindson et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of an Electrostatic Precipitator with Superhydrophobic Surface when Collecting Airborne Bacteria

Han

Mainelis

2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Modern bioaerosol sampling and analysis techniques that enable rapid detection of low bioagent concentrations in various environments are needed to help us understand the causal relationship between adverse health effects and bioaerosol exposures and also to enable the timely biohazard detection in case of intentional release.We have developed a novel bioaerosol sampler, an electrostatic precipitator with superhydrophobic surface (EPSS), where a combination of electrostatic collection mechanism with superhydrophobic collection surface allows for efficient particle collection, removal, and concentration in water droplets as small as 5 µL. The sampler's performance at different sampling flow rates and sampling times was tested with two common bacteria: Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. The collection efficiency was determined using the traditional method of microscopic counting as well as the whole-cell quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (QPCR). The tests indicated that the new sampler achieves collection efficiency as high as 72%. A combination of the satisfactory collection efficiency and the small collecting water droplet volumes allowed achieving sample concentration rates that exceed 1 × 10 6 . In addition, the collection efficiency for both bacteria obtained by the two different methods was not statistically different, indicating the sampler's compatibility with the PCR-based sample analysis techniques. In addition, the whole-cell QPCR does not require DNA extraction prior to the PCR reaction which offers faster sample processing.Very high concentration rates achieved with the new sampler as well as its compatibility with the QPCR methodology point toward its suitability for detecting low concentrations of airborne bacterial agents in various environments.

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“…An example in which the Luminex® beads are used to enable an integrated and portable pathogen sensing instrument has recently been demonstrated in a system known as Autonomous Pathogen Detection System (APDS). [16][17][18][19] Subsequent improvements to the APDS system enabled rapid PCR genetic analysis of the antigen and wireless transmission of the obtained flow cytometry and PCR data to a remote/centralized location. 17,19 As illustrated in Fig 2b, the APDS system contains an aerosol collector to constantly "inhale" particles from its surrounding environment for analysis.…”

Section: Microbead-based Immunoassay Sensing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18][19] Subsequent improvements to the APDS system enabled rapid PCR genetic analysis of the antigen and wireless transmission of the obtained flow cytometry and PCR data to a remote/centralized location. 17,19 As illustrated in Fig 2b, the APDS system contains an aerosol collector to constantly "inhale" particles from its surrounding environment for analysis. It is essential that samples be appropriately prefiltered and pre-concentrated to enable sensitive and accurate pathogen detection.…”

Section: Microbead-based Immunoassay Sensing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%