Aphanomyces invadans, the causal agent of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome, is a global threat to wild and farmed fish

Iberahim, Nurul Aqilah; Trusch, Franziska; West, Pieter van

doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2018.05.002

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Infection with Aphanomyces invadans, also known as epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), is an OIE-listed disease. It has historically caused mass mortality in cultured and wild fish in Asia and Oceania and recently in North America and Africa (Afzali et al, 2015;Majeed et al, 2017;Iberahim et al, 2018; The World Organisation for Animal Health, 2017).…”

Section: Fungal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of skin lesions varies depending on the fish species as well as manifestation and ranges from crucial areas of intense inflammation and hyperaemia of the skin to deep ulcerations with uncovering of the lower muscle tissue. Early lesions are characterized by hemorrhagic bullae with small foci of ulceration and are often observed on the lateral surface (Iberahim et al, 2018).…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infectious diseases in aquarium ornamental pet fish

Cardoso

Moreno

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Aquarium ornamental pet fish constitute a major segment in the pet industry, with the United States, Europe, and Japan dominating the market. There are approximately 1,500 marine fish species and over 4,500 freshwater fish species commercialized as aquarium ornamental pet fish. Fish are the fourth most common pet present in Brazilian homes. In Brazil, aquarium ornamental pet fish can be marketed and distributed from different parts of the Brazilian territory and the world. Commercialization and circulation of living animals without the use of adequate prophylactic management procedures enables dissemination of a number of agents responsible for infectious diseases. Aquarium pet fish can also carry pathogenic agents, of bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic etiology, that may have a zoonotic feature endangering the persons handling the animals. This review presents the main pathogenic infectious agents of bacterial, viral, and fungal etiology that affect aquarium pet fish, as well as the prevention and control measures to ensure sanitary excellence in this segment.Peixes ornamentais de aquário representam um grande segmento no mercado de animais de estimação, no qual Estados Unidos, Europa e Japão dominam. São aproximadamente 1.500 espécies de peixes marinhos e em torno de 4.500 de espécies de água doce comercializados com fins ornamentais. O peixe é a quarta espécie mais comum nos domicílios brasileiros. Peixes ornamentais de aquário são comercializados e distribuídos em diferentes partes do território nacional e do mundo. O comércio e circulação de animais vivos sem o uso de procedimentos de manejo profilático adequados possibilita a disseminação de inúmeros agentes patogênicos. Peixes ornamentais de aquário carreiam consigo agentes patogênicos de etiologia bacteriana, viral, fúngica e parasitária, sendo alguns de caráter zoonótico colocando em risco pessoas que os manipulam. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar os principais agentes infeciosos patogênicos -de natureza bacteriana, viral e fúngica -que acometem peixes ornamentais de aquário, bem como os métodos de prevenção e controle que permitam excelência no segmento. Palavras-chave: Peixes ornamentais de aquários. Bactérias. Vírus. Fungos. Saúde animal. 2/16Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2019;56(2):e151697 How to cite: Cardoso PHM, Moreno AM, Moreno LZ, Oliveira CH, Baroni FA, Maganha SRL, Sousa RLM, Balian SC. Infectious diseases in aquarium ornamental pet fish: prevention and control measures. Braz J Vet Res

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Section: Fungal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious diseases in aquarium ornamental pet fish

Cardoso

Moreno

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…Saprolegniosis has significant impact on freshwater ecosystems by infecting different host organisms and their eggs (Kiesecker et al, 2001;Fernández-Benéitez et al 2008;Ruthig 2009;Eissa et al, 2013). Some species of Aphanomyces invadans are regularly in charge of serious disease outbreaks in fish farms and in the common habitat causing enormous economic losses by threatening industry generation targets and long-term viability (Sarowar et al, 2013;Van West and Beakes, 2014;Iberahim et al, 2018;Sarowar et al, 2019). The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) listed that this disease has been responsible for large-scale mortalities of farmed and wild fish in more than 20 countries across four continents (Pradhan et al, 2008;Iberahim et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of some Moulds Isolated from Fresh Water Fishes

Tawab¹,

Hofy²,

Moustafa³

et al. 2020

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| The expanding recurrence of invasive fungal infection and the high mortality associated with dispersed fungal disease have highlighted the requirement for fast recognizable proof of infectious molds. The current study was conducted to identify the most prevalent mycotic diseases among cultured freshwater fishes with special focus on isolation, molecular identification and antimicrobial sensitivity testing. A total number of 300 examined cultured freshwater fishes; 200 Oreochromis niloticus (120 apparently healthy and 80 showing clinical signs) and 100 Clarias gariepinus (30 apparently healthy and 70 showing clinical signs), were collected alive from five freshwater fish farms at Kafr El Sheikh Governorate all over the year 2018. Clinically, examined Oreochromis niloticus revealed scale detachment, fins erosion, pale body coloration and eye opacity particularly in fish naturally infected with Aphanomycess, Aspergillus, Pencillium and Fusarium; however, infected Clarias gariepinus showed scattered hemorrhagic patches on the ventral abdomen. Mycological examination revealed the isolation of 900 fungal isolates; 570 fungal isolates from Oreochromis niloticus and 330 isolates from C. gariepinus. Aphanomyces invadans was the predominant fungi among diseased fishes mainly from skin, fins and gills. However, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Alternaria sp. were the most predominant fungi isolated from apparently healthy fishes mainly from internal organs. Molecular identification was performed using inter-transcriped spacer (ITS) gene for the most prevalent isolates among either diseased or apparently healthy fishes. Developed PCR assay specific primer detect not only Aphanomyces invadans showing clear bands at 569 bp molecular weight, but also Asperigillus flavus and Asperigillus niger showing clear bands at 595 and 600 bp molecular weight, respectively. Anti-fungal sensitivity test revealed that all mould isolates are sensitive to Nystatin and the majority was resistant to Voriconazole. Briefly, being normal mycoflora, most fungi still can cause infections to fishes. Consequently, proper health management practices should be adapted while fish rearing.Citation | El-Tawab AAA, El-Hofy FI, Moustafa EM, Halawa MR (2020). Insight into isolation, identification and antimicrobial sensitivity of some moulds isolated from fresh water fishes. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 8(2): 174-182.

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“…EUS is a seasonal epizootic condition caused by a fungal pathogen called Aphanomyces invadans listed in OIE (Office International des Epizooties) Aquatic Code as a notifiable pathogen (Yadav et al, 2014;Huchzermeyer et al, 2017). A. invadans is detected by doing histological analysis of infected fish samples to demonstrate presence of mycotic granulomas (Iberahim et al, 2018;Kar, 2016;OIE, 2018). Diagnosis of EUS and understanding its epizootiology is very important to attempt prevention or control (OIE, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent outbreaks of emerging trans-boundary aquatic animal diseases notably EUS infection in the Zambezi river basin have posed potential threat to fish production from capture fisheries and aquaculture thereby affecting those that rely on fishing for income (Nsonga et al, 2013, Walakira, 2017Huchzermeyer et al, 2017). In addition, EUS outbreaks threaten food security for subsistence fishers, fish farmers and subsequently people's physical health, as fish is an important source of animal protein (Iberahim et al, 2018;Afzali et al, 2015). In case of an outbreak in Malawi, EUS will reduce the contribution of fish production to the economic growth even further and this will affect the majority of people's livelihoods (Murphy et al, 2013;Kar, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active surveillance of infection caused by Aphanomyces invadans in Malawi

Kaphuka¹,

Njunga²,

Kamwendo³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Fish. Aquac.

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In Malawi, fish is regarded as a cheapest source of animal proteins and other macronutrients. Recent epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) outbreaks reported in countries sharing Chobe-Zambezi river system like Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Republic of South Africa, have posed a major threat to fish production. Malawi's biggest and important Shire River connects to Zambezi River and there is sharing of waters with Zambia during floods in some areas in north western Malawi. Active surveillance in Malawi was, therefore, conducted in four high risk areas to establish the presence or absence of EUS. Fish were inspected for EUS-like lesions by a trained surveillance team. No fish was found with EUS-like lesions. However, one Barbus paludinosus from Vwaza Marsh had a reddish and swollen caudal peduncle which after doing laboratory tissue squash did not show any evidence of fungal hyphae to suspect EUS but numerous inflammatory cells were seen.

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Aphanomyces invadans, the causal agent of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome, is a global threat to wild and farmed fish

Cited by 36 publications

References 92 publications

Infectious diseases in aquarium ornamental pet fish

Infectious diseases in aquarium ornamental pet fish

Insight into Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of some Moulds Isolated from Fresh Water Fishes

Active surveillance of infection caused by Aphanomyces invadans in Malawi

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