Aphid parasitoids detect that an alien plant was present nearby during their development

Emden, H. F. van; Eletherianos, I.; Rose, Juliet; Douloumpaka, Sophia; Pettersson, Jan

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3032.2002.00285.x

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Within 48 h of emergence the females were tested with a choice of two odours in a 2-chamber olfactometer (van Emden et al, 2002) or, in the case of the chilling experiments, a Y-tube olfactometer. Parasitoids which did not respond were omitted from the analysis (details of the analysis are given in the Figure legends).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cutting out from the mummy of the parasitoid during emergence can be eliminated by excising the parasitoid pupa, so this experiment (van Emden et al, 2002) offered parasitoids emerged from excised pupae a surface contact with mummies from a different plant.…”

Section: Presence Of Other Plant Volatiles In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demonstration by van Emden et al (2002) that mummies on wheat and the wheat leaves themselves absorb volatiles from nearby tomato plants raises the important question as to how far chemicals diffuse between these three layers. It seems likely that they would do so, in which case it becomes hard to separate pre-and post-imaginal experiences by experimental procedures such as excision of the parasitoid pupa from the aphid mummy before emergence.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plant chemistry and aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Imprinting and memory

Emden¹,

Storeck²,

Douloumpaka³

et al. 2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Emerging parasitoids of aphids encounter secondary plant chemistry from cues left by the mother parasitoid at oviposition and from the plant-feeding of the host aphid. In practice, however, it is secondary plant chemistry on the surface of the aphid mummy which influences parasitoid olfactory behaviour. Offspring of Aphidius colemani reared on Myzus persicae on artificial diet did not distinguish between the odours of bean and cabbage, but showed a clear preference for cabbage odour if sinigrin had been painted on the back of the mummy. Similarly Aphidius rhopalosiphi reared on Metopolophium dirhodum on wheat preferred the odour of wheat plants grown near tomato plants to odour of wheat alone if the wheat plants on which they had been reared had been exposed to the volatiles of nearby tomato plants. Aphidius rhopalosiphi reared on M. dirhodum, and removed from the mummy before emergence, showed a preference for the odour of a different wheat cultivar if they had contacted a mummy from that cultivar, and similar results were obtained with A. colemani naturally emerged from M. persicae mummies. Aphidius colemani emerged from mummies on one crucifer were allowed to contact in sequence (for 45 min each) mummies from two different crucifers. The number of attacks made in 10 min on M. persicae was always significantly higher when aphids were feeding on the same plant as the origin of the last mummy offered, or on the second plant if aphids feeding on the third plant were not included. Chilling emerged A. colemani for 24 h at 5°C appeared to erase the imprint of secondary plant chemistry, and they no longer showed host plant odour preferences in the olfactometer. When the parasitoids were chilled after three successive mummy experiences, memory of the last experience appeared at least temporarily erased and preference was then shown for the chemistry of the second experience.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Presence Of Other Plant Volatiles In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant chemistry and aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Imprinting and memory

Emden¹,

Storeck²,

Douloumpaka³

et al. 2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…This conditioned chemosensory responsiveness can influence the host-searching and hostrecognition behaviors of the adult. This effect on host location has already been shown for A. rhopalosiphi (van Emden et al, 2002) but remains to be tested at the host-recognition level. From an applied point of view, the identified chemical stimulus could provide opportunities to manipulate parasitoid behavior in order to enhance oviposition in artificial rearing systems (Battaglia et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Epicuticular Factors Involved in Host Recognition for the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi

et al. 2006

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Abstract:In insect parasitoids, fitness is dependent on the host finding and recognition abilities of the female. Host recognition cues have been described for various host-parasitoid systems, but are still under investigation in aphid parasitoids. Our study aimed to clarify the respective role of physical and chemical cues in recognition of the aphid cuticle. Shed aphid exuviae were used as an elicitor in order to avoid any influence of color, movement, or volatiles present in a living aphid. We assessed the effect of chemical and heat treatments on the texture of the cuticle by using scanning electron microscopy and tested the recognition of treated cuticles by the parasitoid. We showed that recognition cues of the cuticle can be removed chemically (using combined treatments with n-hexane and methanol). Moreover, heat treatment destroyed the physical texture of the cuticle without significantly reducing parasitoid recognition. In a second step, we showed that epicuticular extracts deposited on pieces of paper triggered female attack behavior. First results concerning the chemical composition of the active extract are presented. This study shows that chemical compounds extractable by organic solvents mediate cuticle recognition by aphid parasitoids.

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“…Thus, when parasitised aphids were transferred between different plants, the adult parasitoids were attracted to the plant over which they had mummified. Moreover, in a subsequent report, van Emden et al (2002) showed that adult parasitoids responded to odours of an alien plant only if it was present at mummification. The evidence presented herein suggests that exposure of the larvae to the external Conditioning to odours present during mummification disappeared if the pupae of A. rhopalosiphi were excised from the mummies (van Emden et al 1996(van Emden et al , 2002.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pre-pupation behaviour of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Haliday) and its consequences for pre-imaginal learning

Gutiérrez-Ibáñez

Villagra

Niemeyer

2007

Naturwissenschaften

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Olfactory learning may occur at different stages of insect ontogeny. In parasitoid wasps, it has been mostly shown at adult emergence, whilst it remains controversial at pre-imaginal stages. We followed larval growth of the parasitoid wasp, Aphidius ervi Haliday, inside the host aphid, Acyrthosiphom pisum Harris, and characterised in detail the behaviour of third instar larvae. We found that just before cocoon spinning begins, the third instar larva bites a hole through the ventral side of the mummified aphid exoskeleton. We then evaluated whether this period of exposure to the external environment represented a sensitive stage for olfactory learning. In our first experiment, the third instar larvae were allowed to spin their cocoon on the host plant (Vicia faba L.) surface or on a plastic plate covering the portion of the host plant exposed to the ventral opening. Recently emerged adults of the first group showed a preference for plant volatiles in a glass Y-olfactometer, whereas no preference was found in adults of the second group. In a second experiment, during the period in which the aphid carcass remains open or is being sealed by cocoon spinning, third instar larvae were exposed for 24 h to either vanilla odours or water vapours as control. In this experiment, half of the parasitoid larvae were later excised from the mummy to avoid further exposure to vanilla. Adult parasitoids exposed to vanilla during the larval ventral opening of the mummy showed a significant preference for vanilla odours in the olfactometer, regardless of excision from the mummy. The larval behaviour described and the results of the manipulations performed are discussed as evidences for the acquisition of olfactory memory during the larval stage and its persistence through metamorphosis.

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Aphid parasitoids detect that an alien plant was present nearby during their development

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Plant chemistry and aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Imprinting and memory

Plant chemistry and aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Imprinting and memory

Epicuticular Factors Involved in Host Recognition for the Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi

Pre-pupation behaviour of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Haliday) and its consequences for pre-imaginal learning

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