Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment

Abstract

; Hans-Gö ran Grö ndahl d ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the incidence and severity of root resorption during orthodontic treatment by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to explore factors affecting orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). Materials and Methods: CBCT examinations were performed on 152 patients with Class I malocclusion. All roots from incisors to first molars were assessed on two or three occasions. Results: At treatment end, 94% of patients had $1 root with shortening .1 mm, and 6.6% had $1 tooth where it exceeded 4 mm. Among teeth, 56.3% of upper lateral incisors had root shortening .1 mm. Of upper incisors and the palatal root of upper premolars, 2.6% showed root shortenings .4 mm. Slanted surface resorptions of buccal and palatal surfaces were found in 15.1% of upper central and 11.5% of lateral incisors. Monthly root shortening was greater after 6-month control than before. Upper jaw teeth and anterior teeth were significantly associated with the degree of root shortening. Gender, root length at baseline, and treatment duration were not. Conclusion: Practically all patients and up to 91% of all teeth showed some degree of root shortening, but few patients and teeth had root shortenings .4 mm. Slanted root resorption was found on root surfaces that could be evaluated only by a tomographic technique. A CBCT technique can provide more valid and accurate information about root resorption. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:480-487.)

Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: apical and cervical complications

“…All these studies confirm the reliability and accuracy of the high resolution 3D images of the cone beam and show how valuable it is as a tool for detecting resorption 3,21,24,28 .…”

Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontically induced root resorption caused by torque: A prospective, double-blind, controlled clinical trial

“…1 The incidence of OIRR is greater than 90%, 2 and the prevalence of minor to severe OIRR ranges from 94% to 6.6%, respectively. 3 It has been reported that 6.6% of the orthodontic patients in one study 3 had at least one tooth with OIRR greater than 4 mm. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis is the current gold standard for the quantification of RR.…”

Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for detecting simulated apical root resorption

“…22 Other in vivo studies further confirmed that slanted apical root resorption could be evaluated only on tomographic images and was found in up to 15% of palatal root surfaces investigated. 1 In this study, the simulation of root shortening contained no slanted apical root resorption, and most moderate root shortening was more easily detectable on periapical radiography than the CBCT method as it could offer an overall view of the apical lesion. For the moment, we tentatively put forward that CBCT could not replace periapical radiography, which remains the primary imaging modality for detecting orthodontically induced EARR.…”

“…Monthly root shortening was greater after 6-month control than before. 1 In a separate study, clinically significant resorption was found for 74% of the centrals and 82% of the laterals, and apical root resorption was thought to be correlated with treatment duration and premolar extraction. 2 The process of root resorption in the permanent teeth is usually pathological, resulting in loss of dentin, cementum, or bone.…”

“…One prospective study showed that all patients and up to 91% of all teeth investigated showed some degree of root shortening and CBCT technique can provide valid and accurate information about EARR. 1 However, the diagnostic superiority of CBCT over periapical radiography has not yet been established for detecting orthodontically induced EARR.…”