“…In this issue of JACC: Advances , Thomas et al 4 sought to inform this question by measuring peak and trough serum levels of apixaban in 115 older adults (mean age: 80 years, 40% women) with NVAF and increased risk for stroke, as evidenced by a median CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score of 5. The authors used the reference range reported in the ARISTOTLE trial to classify apixaban levels as being below the fifth percentile (potentially subtherapeutic), above the 95th percentile (potentially supratherapeutic), or within the range.…”