Aplicación del modelo de datos RDF en las colecciones digitales de bibliotecas, archivos y museos de España

Abstract

Resumen: Se analiza cómo y en qué grado se aplica el modelo RDF en las principales colecciones digitales españolas de materiales patrimoniales. Se introduce este modelo y también las iniciativas de Datos Abiertos y Datos Enlazados. A continuación se examinan 51 repositorios digitales y de cada uno de ellos se determina si expresan sus registros en RDF, ofrecen un punto de consulta SPARQL consultable por agentes externos y si usan referencias como valor de las propiedades. A partir de los resultados se describen los modelos EDM de Europeana y OntoWeb. Se concluye que la aplicación de RDF es desigual, demasiado condicionada al uso de aplicaciones que convierten automáticamente los registros en tripletas RDF, que se dan pocos puntos SPARQL para la consulta externa y que el empleo de referencias se vincula al uso de aplicaciones con diferentes modelos: EDM u OntoWeb. Se recomienda que las colecciones han de enriquecer sus datos y determinar niveles de agregación de los datos RDF generados para difundirse, hacerse accesibles y adaptarse a la web semántica.Palabras clave: RDF; modelos de datos; repositorios patrimoniales; consulta SPARQL; referencias; URI; Europeana Data Model; OntoWeb; datos abiertos; datos enlazados. Implementation of the RDF data model in digital collections of Spanish libraries, archives and museumsAbstract: The article discusses how and to what extent the RDF data model is applied in major Spanish digital collections of heritage materials. This model, as well as Open Data and Linked Data initiatives, are introduced. Fifty-one digital repositories were analysed to determine whether they expressed their records in RDF, offered SPARQL query points searchable by external agents, and used references as property values. The Europeana EDM and OntoWeb models are also described. It is concluded that the use of RDF is unequal and excessively conditioned by the use of applications that automatically convert records into RDF triples. Few of the collections analysed give SPARQL points for external queries. Also, the use of references is linked to applications using different models: EDM or OntoWeb. Collections should enrich their data and define aggregation levels for generated RDF data in order to be disseminated, made accessible, and adapted to the semantic web.

The Role of Information Management for the Sustainable Conservation of Cultural Heritage

“…Other issues, such as duplicated works, the disregard of already generated information or the non-recognition of contributors, entail the impossibility of merging information for different sources [50], and therefore, the coordination of different professionals. The "linked data" model and the application programming interfaces (API) that are already included in the diverse data models may help troubleshoot some of the connectivity problems, but their development in the different cultural organizations is uneven and significant work is still necessary in order to make the datasets accessible according to these approaches [51]. Indeed, most of the institutional repositories of cultural organizations are still in the deployment stage [52,53]; even Europeana has an open debate about its sustainability and there are many cultural organizations that are on the outside of this or any other similar initiative (during the period 2014-2020, Europeana was funded through the tool Connecting Europe Facility (CEF), which was one of the most ambitious programs of the EU, covering issues such as cybersecurity or the transfer of health information; for the next period (2021-2027), the new program titled Digital Europe will take over [54]).…”

Records in contexts: the road of archives to semantic interoperability

“…Semantic web technologies and Linked Open Data (LOD) based services offer a series of clear advantages for Archives (Baker et al , 2011; Sulé et al , 2016, p. 12; Moyano Collado, 2013, p. 7), while at the same time extending collaboration and exchange of data between Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAM) institutions. These organizations occupy a privileged position in the provision of reliable data sets, and also ensure their long-term preservation.…”