APOGEE-2S view of the globular cluster Patchick 125 (Gran 3)

Fernández-Trincado, J. G.; Minniti, D.; Garro, Elisa R.; Villanova, S.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142222

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…However, they found a more metal-poor cluster with [Fe/H] = −2.37 ± 0.18, relying on the relation between CaT EW and the magnitude of the HB in the Jonhson V filter. On the other hand, our metallicity is in good agreement with that derived by Fernández-Trincado et al (2022) since they obtained a mean [Fe/H] = −1.70, measuring the Fe I lines from the APOGEE-2S data.…”

Section: Patchick 125supporting

confidence: 91%

“…A few examples are VVV-CL001 (Minniti et al 2011;Fernández-Trincado et al 2021a), VVV-CL002, and VVV-CL003 (Moni Bidin et al 2011);FSR 1716 (a.k.a. Minni 22;Minniti et al 2017b); RLGC 1 and 2 (Ryu & Lee 2018); Camargo 1107, 1108, and 1109(Camargo & Minniti 2019; FSR 1758 (Barbá et al 2019;Romero-Colmenares et al 2021); Garro 01 (Garro et al 2020); UKS 1 (Fernández-Trincado et al 2020); Patchick 99 (Garro et al 2021b); FSR 19 and FSR 25 (Obasi et al 2021); VVV-CL160 (Minniti et al 2021a); Minni 48 (Minniti et al 2021b); FSR 1776 (also known as Minni 23; Dias et al 2022); Ton 1 (Fernández-Trincado et al 2021b); and nine other GCs in Garro et al (2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unveiling the nature of 12 new low-luminosity Galactic globular cluster candidates

Garro

Minniti

Alessi³

et al. 2022

A&A

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Context. The Galactic globular cluster system is incompletely known, especially in the low-latitude regions of the Galactic bulge and disk. We report the physical characterisation of 12 star clusters in the Milky Way, most of which are explored here for the first time. Aims. Our primary aim is determining their main physical parameters, such as reddening, extinction, metallicity, age, total luminosity, mean cluster proper motions (PMs), and distances, in order to reveal the physical nature of these clusters. Methods. We study the clusters using optical and near-infrared (NIR) datasets. In particular, we use the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) PMs in order to perform a PM decontamination procedure and build final catalogues with probable members. We match the Gaia EDR3 with the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea extended (VVVX) survey and the Two Micron All-Sky survey (2MASS) in the NIR, in order to construct complete NIR and optical colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and investigate the clusters properties. Results. The extinctions are evaluated using existing reddening maps. We find ranges spanning 0.09 ≲ AKs ≲ 0.86 mag and 0.89 ≲ AG ≲ 4.72 mag in the NIR and optical, respectively. Adopting standard intrinsic red clump (RC) magnitudes and extinction values, we first obtain the distance modulus for each cluster and thereafter their heliocentric distances, which range from about 4 to 20 kpc. Therefore, we are able to place these clusters at 3 ≲ RG ≲ 14 kpc from the Galactic centre. The best PARSEC isochrone fit yields a metallicity range of −1.8 < [Fe/H] < +0.3 and an approximate age range of 2 < age < 14 Gyr. Finally, we find that all clusters have low luminosities, with −6.9 < MV < −3.5 mag. Conclusions. Based on our photometric analysis, we find both open clusters (OCs) and globular clusters (GCs) in our sample. In particular, we confirm the OC nature for Kronberger 100, while we classify Patchick 125 as a metal-poor GC, Ferrero 54 as a metal-rich GC, and ESO 92-18 as a possible old OC or young GC. The classification as GC candidates is also suggested for Kronberger 99, Patchick 122, Patchick 126, Riddle 15, FSR 190, and Gaia 2. We also conclude that Kronberger 119 and Kronberger 143 might be either old OCs or young GCs.

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Section: Patchick 125supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the nature of 12 new low-luminosity Galactic globular cluster candidates

Garro

Minniti

Alessi³

et al. 2022

A&A

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“…Besides the carbon-deficient N-rich field stars, there is a significant population of carbon-deficient aluminum-enriched field stars (hereafter Al-rich stars) that exhibit low and high levels of nitrogen abundance ratios (Fernández-Trincado et al 2020c), suggesting that there are at least two groups of N-rich field stars that have likely been formed from two different nucleosynthetic pathways over a wide range of metallicities. Such anomalous abundance patterns are found in many GCs over a wide range of metallicities (Fernández-Trincado et al 2019d, 2020e, 2021a, 2022aMészáros et al 2020Mészáros et al , 2021Geisler et al 2021;Romero-Colmenares et al 2021;Masseron et al 2019), and even into the most metal-poor MW GC (see e.g., Fernández-Trincado et al 2021e). Thus, the escape of stars from GCs could be a plausible explanation for the presence of these chemically anomalous stars in the Galactic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Galactic ArchaeoLogIcaL ExcavatiOns (GALILEO)

Fernández-Trincado

Barbuy

Minniti

et al. 2022

A&A

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We use the 17th data release of the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2) to provide a homogenous census of N-rich red giant stars across the Milky Way (MW). We report a total of 149 newly identified N-rich field giants toward the bulge, metal-poor disk, and halo of our Galaxy. They exhibit significant enrichment in their nitrogen abundance ratios ([N/Fe] ≳ +0.5), along with simultaneous depletions in their [C/Fe] abundance ratios ([C/Fe] < +0.15), and they cover a wide range of metallicities (−1.8 < [Fe/H] < −0.7). The final sample of candidate N-rich red giant stars with globular-cluster-like (GC-like) abundance patterns from the APOGEE survey includes a grand total of ∼412 unique objects. These strongly N-enhanced stars are speculated to have been stripped from GCs based on their chemical similarities with these systems. Even though we have not found any strong evidence for binary companions or signatures of pulsating variability yet, we cannot rule out the possibility that some of these objects were members of binary systems in the past and/or are currently part of a variable system. In particular, the fact that we identify such stars among the field stars in our Galaxy provides strong evidence that the nucleosynthetic process(es) producing the anomalous [N/Fe] abundance ratios occurs over a wide range of metallicities. This may provide evidence either for or against the uniqueness of the progenitor stars to GCs and/or the existence of chemical anomalies associated with likely tidally shredded clusters in massive dwarf galaxies such as “Kraken/Koala”, Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage, among others, before or during their accretion by the MW. A dynamical analysis reveals that the newly identified N-rich stars exhibit a wide range of dynamical characteristics throughout the MW, indicating that they were produced in a variety of Galactic environments.

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“…The Gaia mission (e.g. Cantat-Gaudin et al 2019;Castro-Ginard et al 2020) is extremely helpful in that endeavour and has in fact confirmed many of the recently discovered star clusters as GCs, some examples include the following: Garro 01 (Garro et al 2020), FSR 1758 (Barbá et al 2019;Villanova et al 2019;Romero-Colmenares et al 2021), Patchick 99 (Garro et al 2021c), Patchick 125 (Fernández-Trincado et al 2022;Garro et al 2021a, named also Gran 3 by Gran et al 2022), and VVV-GC160 (Minniti et al 2021a;Garro et al 2021d); another nine GCs confirmed by Garro et al (2021d), FSR 19 and FSR 25 (Obasi et al 2021), and Minni48 (Minniti et al 2021c); and another five GCs confirmed in Garro et al (2021a). These studies as well as other ones are fundamental since they can contribute, from a broad point of view, for one to understand the formation and evolution of the MW GC system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new low-luminosity globular cluster discovered in the Milky Way with the VVVX survey

Garro,

Minniti,

Gómez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Context. The VISTA Variables in the Via Láctea Extended Survey (VVVX) allows us to probe previously unexplored regions of the inner Milky Way (MW), especially those that are affected by stellar crowding and strong extinction. Aims. Our long-term goal is to identify new star clusters and investigate them to reveal their true nature. In particular, we are looking for new candidate globular clusters (GCs) located in the Galactic bulge and disk, with the aim of completing the census of the MW GC system. Methods. We searched and characterised new GCs, using a combination of the near-infrared (IR) VVVX survey and Two Micron All Sky survey (2MASS) datasets, and the optical Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) photometry and its precise proper motions (PMs). Results. We report the discovery of a new Galactic GC, named Garro 02, situated at RA = 18:05:51.1, Dec = -17:42:02 and l = 12 • .042, b = +1 • .656. Performing a PM-decontamination procedure, we built a final catalogue with all cluster members, on which we performed a photometric analysis. We calculated a reddening of E(J − K s ) = 1.07 ± 0.06 mag and extinction of A K s = 0.79 ± 0.04 mag in the near-IR; while E(BP − RP) = 2.40 ± 0.01 mag and A G = 4.80 ± 0.02 mag in optical passbands. Its heliocentric distance is D = 5.6±0.8 kpc, which places Garro 02 at a Galactocentric distance of R G = 2.9 kpc and Z = 0.006 kpc above the Galactic plane. We also estimated the metallicity and age by comparison with known GCs and by fitting PARSEC isochrones, finding [Fe/H] = −1.30±0.2 dex and age = 12 ± 2 Gyr. We derived the mean cluster PM of (µ * α , µ δ ) = (−6.07 ± 0.62, −6.15 ± 0.75) mas yr −1 . We calculated the cluster luminosity in the near-IR of M K s = −7.52 ± 1.23 mag, which is equivalent to M V = −5.44 mag. The core and tidal radii from the radial density profile are r c = 1.25 ± 0.27 arcmin (2.07 pc) and r t = 7.13 ± 3.83 arcmin (11.82 pc), respectively. Conclusions. We confirm Garro 02 as a new genuine Galactic GC, located in the MW bulge. It is a low-luminosity, metal-poor, and old GC, and it is a lucky survivor of the strong dynamical processes that occurred during the MW's entire life.

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APOGEE-2S view of the globular cluster Patchick 125 (Gran 3)

Cited by 12 publications

References 71 publications

Unveiling the nature of 12 new low-luminosity Galactic globular cluster candidates

Unveiling the nature of 12 new low-luminosity Galactic globular cluster candidates

Galactic ArchaeoLogIcaL ExcavatiOns (GALILEO)

A new low-luminosity globular cluster discovered in the Milky Way with the VVVX survey

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