Apolipoprotein E polymorphism, age and coronary heart disease

Kolovou, Genovefa; Anagnostopoulou, Katherine K.

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2006.11.001

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…The impact of the different apoE isoforms on blood concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins has been explained by several mechanisms including (i) receptorbinding affinities of the different apoE-containing lipoproteins, (ii) dietary fat clearance, (iii) differences in the clearance of LDL apoB, and (iv) differences in the efficiency of intestinal cholesterol absorption (for review, see (38,50) ).…”

Section: Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the apoE phenotypes have been associated with the variability of plasma total cholesterol concentrations and contribute to 4-12% of the variability of LDLcholesterol concentrations in several populations (38) . In addition, a recent comprehensive meta-analysis demonstrated approximately linear relationships of apoE genotypes (when ordered e2/e2, e2/e3, e2/e4, e3/e3, e3/e4 and e4/e4) with LDL-cholesterol concentrations and with CHD risk (39) .…”

Section: Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ApoE genotype: from geographic distribution to function and responsiveness to dietary factors

2012

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ApoE is a key protein in lipid metabolism with three major isoforms. ApoE allele frequencies show non-random global distribution especially in Europe with high apoE e3 frequency in the Mediterranean area, whereas the apoE e4 genotype is enriched in Northern Europe. The apoE e4 genotype is one of the most important genetic risk factors for age-dependent chronic diseases, including CVD and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The apoE polymorphism has been shown to impact on blood lipids, biomarkers of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which all may contribute to the isoform-dependent disease risk. Studies in mice and human subjects indicate that the apoE e3 but not the apoE e4 genotype may significantly benefit from dietary flavonoids (e.g. quercetin) and n-3 fatty acids. Metabolism of lipid soluble vitamins E and D is likewise differentially affected by the apoE genotype. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest a better vitamin D status in apoE e4 than e3 subjects indicating a certain advantage of e4 over e3. The present review aims at evaluation of current data available on interactions between apoE polymorphism and dietary responsiveness to flavonoids, fat soluble vitamins and n-3 fatty acids. Likewise, distinct geographic distribution and chronic disease risk of the different apoE isoforms are addressed.

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Section: Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

ApoE genotype: from geographic distribution to function and responsiveness to dietary factors

2012

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“…3,4 ), contributing to chylomicron remnant and VLDL clearance 5 , and having numerous functions in vessel wall [reviewed in (ref. 6 )]. ApoE is produced by macrophages in diseased arterial wall during its inflammatory reaction, where it helps to carry away cholesterol in locally formed lipoproteins and reduce atherosclerotic plaque 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with both number of diseased vessels and extent of coronary artery disease in Czech patients with CAD

Máchal¹,

Vašků²,

Hlinomaz³

et al. 2012

BIOMED PAP

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Aims. The impact of ApoE polymorphism on angiographic parameters was assessed in patients referred for coronary angiography. Methods. Elective coronary angiography was performed in 671 subjects (525 men, 146 women, mean age 60±10 years) with symptoms of ischemic heart disease. The patients were divided into: no CAD group (smooth coronary vessels, n=83), one-vessel (n=155), two-vessel (n=170) and three-vessel disease (n=196). Patients with stenoses 0-50% were excluded. Within patients with CAD, we evaluated overall extent of CAD measured by the number of stenotic segments according to AHA (1 segment vs. 2-3 vs. ≥4), and the severity of the most serious stenosis (in percent). ApoE genotype was determined using real-time PCR. Results. The frequency of ε2/ε3 genotype (n=56) was lower in the three-vessel disease group compared to one-vessel disease (OR=0.25, P=0.0019), two-vessel disease (OR=0.31, P=0.0114) or no CAD group (OR=0.24, P=0.0057). Frequency of ε2/ε3 decreased with the number of affected segments (1 vs. ≥4: OR=0.35, P=0.0143). The ε3/ε4+ε4/ε4 genotypes (n=123) were more frequent in CAD patients altogether compared with no CAD group (OR=2.30, P=0.019), while no impact of the ε4 allele on angiographic parameters within the CAD patients was detected. In ε2/ε3 carriers with CAD, lower LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and lower use of lipid-lowering drugs were observed. Conclusions. The results show predominantly focal form of CAD in patients with ε2/ε3 genotype. Lower LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol may play the key role, although other contributing factors are discussed.

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“…Given that the apoɛ4 is linked to several diseases such as PD, T2DM, CVD and AD [15][16][17][24][25][26][27][28] all of which demonstrate an element of inflammation and dyslipidaemia in their pathogenesis [29][30][31][32][33], further supports the role for infections [25] as a dominant environmental response modifier of disease states. With the growing interest in co-morbid states as well as with the possible association between PD via infections and life style behaviours, it is of interest to explore apoɛ and its allelic variants further.…”

Section: The Concept Of Successful Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apoε3 is the most common isoform found in humans [44] and is considered to be the normal form [38]. Apoε4 appears to be associated with the metabolic disorder T2DM [27] and various inflammatory pathologies including aggressive periodontitis [15]; CVD [24,26]; and AD [16,17,25,28]. Apoɛ4 may therefore, be interfering with the phenomenon described as 'successful ageing' processes [1] via dyslipidaemia and behavioural traits.…”

Section: Apolipoprotein Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E Related Co-Morbidities and Alzheimer’s Disease

Singhrao

Harding

Chukkapalli

et al. 2016

JAD

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The primary goal of advancement in clinical services is to provide a health care system that enhances an individual's quality of life. Incidence of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and associated dementia coupled with the advancing age of the population, have led to an increase in the worldwide challenge to the healthcare system. In order to overcome these challenges prior knowledge of common, reliable risk factors and their effectors is essential. The oral health constitutes one such relatively unexplored but indispensable risk factor for aforementioned co-morbidities, in the form of poor oral hygiene and tooth loss during aging.Behavioural traits such as low education, smoking, poor diet, neglect of oral health, lack of exercise, and hypertension are few of the risk factors that are shared commonly amongst these conditions. In addition, common genetic susceptibility traits such as the apolipoprotein ɛ gene, together with an individual's life style can also influence the development of co-morbidities such as periodontitis, atherosclerosis/stroke, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. This review specifically addresses the susceptibility of apolipoprotein ε gene allele 4 as the plausible commonality for the etiology of co-morbidities that eventually result from periodontal diseases and ultimately progress to dementia.

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Apolipoprotein E polymorphism, age and coronary heart disease

Cited by 48 publications

References 158 publications

ApoE genotype: from geographic distribution to function and responsiveness to dietary factors

ApoE genotype: from geographic distribution to function and responsiveness to dietary factors

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with both number of diseased vessels and extent of coronary artery disease in Czech patients with CAD

Apolipoprotein E Related Co-Morbidities and Alzheimer’s Disease

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