Apomixis in the Sugar Beet Reproduction System

Szkutnik, T.

doi:10.2478/v10182-010-0011-y

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In recent years advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling apomixis (Rodrigues and Koltunow, 2005). Asexual seed development by apomixis may be an important tool in breeding programs (Szkutnik, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of the Female Gametophyte in Fragaria x Ananassa Duch. cv. Selva

Dziadczyk¹,

Domaciuk²,

Nowak³

et al. 2011

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Megasporogenesis and female gametophyte development were investigated in ovules of the everbearing strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Selva. Observations of thin sections revealed that ovule development starts from the formation of a nucellus and coincides in time with the beginning of receptacle overgrowth. The most characteristic feature during nucellus differentiation is the formation of a multicellular archesporium, beginning from at least two cells. Analysis of female gametophyte development indicated that in addition to the meiotic mode, female gametophytes develop by an apomeiotic mode of Antennaria type. Asynchronous development of female gametophytes of different origin occurs. The mature, eight-nucleate, seven-celled female gametophyte of meiotic origin is cylindrical and slightly curved. It occupies the central part of the nucellus. The egg apparatus, consisting of an egg cell and two synergids, is formed in the micropylar part of the female gametophyte; the opposite chalazal pole is occupied by antipodal cells. Besides the ovule in which only one seven-celled female gametophyte finally develops, ovules with a different number of cells were observed to initiate female gametophyte development. Some ovules contain a nucellus with a tetrad of linearly arranged megaspores surrounded by enlarged cells, each of which has the potential to develop into an apomictic female gametophyte. After degeneration of some post-meiotic cells or developmentally advanced female gametophytes, some of the chalazal cells initiated female gametophyte development.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Fragaria × ananassa, megasporogenesis, multicellular archespore, female gametophyte, ovule, apomixis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of the Female Gametophyte in Fragaria x Ananassa Duch. cv. Selva

Dziadczyk¹,

Domaciuk²,

Nowak³

et al. 2011

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In combination with male sterility these plants offer a convenient way to contain a transgene within the GM crop. 48 Whereas some cultivars of a few crop plants such as cassava, 49 oranges 50 and sugar beet 51 are apomictic, most other plants do not show this asexual process of reproduction. Although several genes and mechanisms involved in apomixis have been identified, substantial efforts are still needed to engineer apomixis into sexual crops.…”

Section: Counter Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgene flow: Facts, speculations and possible countermeasures

Ryffel

2014

GM Crops & Food

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Convincing evidence has accumulated that unintended transgene escape occurs in oilseed rape, maize, cotton and creeping bentgrass. The escaped transgenes are found in variant cultivars, in wild type plants as well as in hybrids of sexually compatible species. The fact that in some cases stacked events are present that have not been planted commercially, implies unintended recombination of transgenic traits. As the consequences of this continuous transgene escape for the ecosystem cannot be reliably predicted, I propose to use more sophisticated approaches of gene technology in future. If possible GM plants should be constructed using either site-directed mutagenesis or cisgenic strategies to avoid the problem of transgene escape. In cases where a transgenic trait is needed, efficient containment should be the standard approach. Various strategies available or in development are discussed. Such a cautious approach in developing novel types of GM crops will enhance the sustainable potential of GM crops and thus increase the public trust in green gene technology.

show abstract

“…New strategies of genomics have become available for further understanding the key mechanisms of meiosis regulation and parthenogenesis after deciphering the genomes of Arabidopsis, Iris and others [1,2,5]. Numerous results of apomixis studies demonstrated a high and confusing level of gene, chromosome, and morphological diversity in the apomictic progeny [6][7]. The embryological studies proved that, depending on the way of forming embryo sacs, the nature of the apomictic embryo development is determined by the type of apomixis: diplospory, apospory, adventive embryony or parthenogenesis [1,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of parthenogenetic embryos takes place in diplosporous embryo sacs of the Polygonum-type, these embryos develop to the globular stage and their further development does not take place due to the absence of endosperm formation [6]. Low indices of seed formation are notable for many other species regardless of diplosporous types and this is one of the unsolved problems for application of diplospory/apomixis in (molecular) plant breeding [1,7,8]. In most species, nucellar and integumental embryony is combined with generative parthenogenesis and embryos which get into the embryo sac from outside.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 No. 2 2019 was also thoroughly studied by Szkutnik (2011) using isoenzyme analysis [7]. Bohomolov (2018) observed gametophytic apomixis in sugar beet as a result of absent meiosis in case of inducing apomixis, while crossing with wild Beta corollifl ora L. (2n = 36) and B. trigina L. (2n = 56), when the crossings were exposed to high doses of radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Untitled

2019

Agric. sci. pract.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim.To evaluate the effi ciency of inducing generative, reduced parthenogenesis and to better use the differentiating potential of the embryo culture under apomictic seed production in selection materials of sugar beet with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), and B) to isolate homozygous lines (dihaploids) without the use of polyploidizing substances. Methods. Apomictic (agamospermous) seed production in apocarpous pollen sterile lines from B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. altissima (sugar beet) using classical so-called Owen sterile cytoplasm and sterile cytoplasm from Beta maritimа and Beta patula as sources, was conducted under pollen free conditions and spatial isolation in the greenhouse breeding complex of the Yaltushkivska experimental breeding station (Yaltushki, Ukraine). The specifi cities of embryonic development of apomictic embryos were studied with the purpose of effi cient regulation of the induction of explants in vitro as donors of the culture of immature embryos. Fluorescent fl ow cytophotometry in combination with the computer program of the Partec Ploidy Analyser PA-2 (Partec GmbH, Germany, now Sysmex), were used to determine the degree of ploidy, enabling the selection of haploid and dihaploid lines in vitro. A genetic method was developed using the expression of morphological marker indices of nuclear genes of anthocyanin coloring (R+r-) of regenerant plants in vitro and ploidy determination for differentiation by generative (reduced) parthenogenesis. The sampling technique that took into account the hormonal composition of cultural media and the level of genome ploidy, sample frequency and statistical analysis of the results was determined using the appropriate statistics; the percentage of regenerants, induced by different types of morphogenesis and ploidy in vitro, was determined along with the measurement error to control the accuracy of the selected sampling (number of seed embryos). Results. The selected cultural medium No. 3, based on the basal medium according to Gamberg et al., 1968 (21), contained 6 BAP -2 mg/l, 2.4 D -0.5 mg/l, gibberellic acid -0.1 mg/l, which ensured a success rate of 4.4 to 23.3 % of direct regeneration of shoots from the embryo culture, depending on the genotype of donors, and 4-10 % for induction and proliferation of callus. In ten experimental numbers of alloplasmic lines of sugar beet, the incidence of haploids and mixoploids among the regenerants from the embryo culture fl uctuated within the wide range of 14.8 -62.2 % and exceeded the indices, obtained by other known methods of haploid parthenogamy, which had the values of 3.79 -6.25 %. Conclusions. The homozygous lines and dihaploids were determined and set apart/stabilized in the process of micropropagation, where the differentiation of clones was made on the basis of total DNA content in interphase nuclei, using information of histograms generated in fl uorescent fl ow cytometry with the Partec Ploidy Analyser PA-II instrumentation. The medium, based on macro-and microsalts according to Gamberg et al., 1...

show abstract

Apomixis in the Sugar Beet Reproduction System

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

The Development of the Female Gametophyte in Fragaria x Ananassa Duch. cv. Selva

The Development of the Female Gametophyte in Fragaria x Ananassa Duch. cv. Selva

Transgene flow: Facts, speculations and possible countermeasures

Untitled

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About