Apoptosis and DNA Methylation

Meng, Huan; Nestor, Colm E.; Dunican, Donncha S.; Madej, M; Reddington, James P.; Pennings, Sari; Harrison, David J.; Meehan, Richard R.

doi:10.3390/cancers3021798

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…These data support an association between the direct role of DNMT1 methyltransferase activity and global DNA hypomethylation, genomic imprinting loss and an open chromatin configuration 163 . In addition to this direct impact via DNMT1 methyltransferase activity, DNMT1 is associated with the p53 apoptosis pathway via interactions with MBD4 and its protein partner MLH1 in Xenopus embryos and mammalian cells 164 - 166 . DNMT1 forms a trimeric complex with UHRF1 and the deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 on chromatin during cell proliferation 167 , 168 .…”

Section: Mediators Of Cytosine Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Methylation, Its Mediators and Genome Integrity

et al. 2015

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DNA methylation regulates many cellular processes, including embryonic development, transcription, chromatin structure, X-chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting and chromosome stability. DNA methyltransferases establish and maintain the presence of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), and ten-eleven translocation cytosine dioxygenases (TETs) oxidise 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), which can be removed by base excision repair (BER) proteins. Multiple forms of DNA methylation are recognised by methyl-CpG binding proteins (MeCPs), which play vital roles in chromatin-based transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and replication. Accordingly, defects in DNA methylation and its mediators may cause silencing of tumour suppressor genes and misregulation of multiple cell cycles, DNA repair and chromosome stability genes, and hence contribute to genome instability in various human diseases, including cancer. Thus, understanding functional genetic mutations and aberrant expression of these DNA methylation mediators is critical to deciphering the crosstalk between concurrent genetic and epigenetic alterations in specific cancer types and to the development of new therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Mediators Of Cytosine Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Methylation, Its Mediators and Genome Integrity

et al. 2015

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“…Our study involved exclusively male patients as there were fewer female drinkers and smokers available for recruitment. Tobacco-generated alkylating carcinogens cause alkylation damage to DNA bases of which O 6 -MeG represents the greatest threat by causing G/T mismatch, which induces cell apoptosis or mutation (9). MGMT transfers the O 6 alkylating group from O 6 -MeG to cysteine residues of its own molecule, repairing the guanine DNA chain damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Association Between MGMT and p53 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Laryngeal Cancer

Jia

Jiang

et al. 2017

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“…Elevated levels of cytosine methylation increase mutation frequencies as a result of elevated levels of cytosine-to-thymine transitions and other DNA characteristics [ 4 , 19 , 106 , 107 , 124 , 125 , 126 ]. Additionally, DNA methylation can interfere with both DNA damage repair genes [ 127 , 128 ] and apoptotic pathways that help maintain gene integrity [ 129 ]. While these last two phenomena have been examined largely in the intragenerational context of human disease, they do lead to permanent genetic change.…”

Section: A Role For Epigenetics In Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Inheritance and Its Role in Evolutionary Biology: Re-Evaluation and New Perspectives

Burggren

2016

Biology

172

133

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Epigenetics increasingly occupies a pivotal position in our understanding of inheritance, natural selection and, perhaps, even evolution. A survey of the PubMed database, however, reveals that the great majority (>93%) of epigenetic papers have an intra-, rather than an inter-generational focus, primarily on mechanisms and disease. Approximately ~1% of epigenetic papers even mention the nexus of epigenetics, natural selection and evolution. Yet, when environments are dynamic (e.g., climate change effects), there may be an “epigenetic advantage” to phenotypic switching by epigenetic inheritance, rather than by gene mutation. An epigenetically-inherited trait can arise simultaneously in many individuals, as opposed to a single individual with a gene mutation. Moreover, a transient epigenetically-modified phenotype can be quickly “sunsetted”, with individuals reverting to the original phenotype. Thus, epigenetic phenotype switching is dynamic and temporary and can help bridge periods of environmental stress. Epigenetic inheritance likely contributes to evolution both directly and indirectly. While there is as yet incomplete evidence of direct permanent incorporation of a complex epigenetic phenotype into the genome, doubtlessly, the presence of epigenetic markers and the phenotypes they create (which may sort quite separately from the genotype within a population) will influence natural selection and, so, drive the collective genotype of a population.

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Apoptosis and DNA Methylation

Cited by 15 publications

References 115 publications

DNA Methylation, Its Mediators and Genome Integrity

DNA Methylation, Its Mediators and Genome Integrity

Analysis of Association Between MGMT and p53 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Laryngeal Cancer

Epigenetic Inheritance and Its Role in Evolutionary Biology: Re-Evaluation and New Perspectives

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