Aportes De Un Guion Documental Histórico en La Reconstrucción De La Identidad Nacional

Abstract

The problem of national identity is a contemporary issue that affects and involves the different realities that coexist in a country, especially when it does not accept its cultural diversity, beyond commercial folklore. In Peru, during much of the colony and the republic, the elites in charge never considered the majority of the population as equal members of an organic community, with the same political rights and a common origin. In this sense, "Peruvian" is still an empty concept for many ethnic groups, which began to be represented in the national discourse at the beginning of the twentieth century, in a relative consensus that referred to Peru as a country composed of Peruvians of "all bloods". However, unlike other latitudes where there are subjugated nations claiming their autonomy, as in the case of the Mapuche in Chile, the Catalans in Spain or the Kurds in Turkey, in Peru the situation is different, since the dominant identity is that of "being Peruvian", the same one that calls for the closing of political and social gaps to begin the construction of a nation; this differential advantage could forge the path towards an unequivocal and solid identity. Despite the tensions and fragmentation resulting from nationalist rhetoric, the challenge remains to wield new answers to questions of national cohesion. The various forms of culture that have been appearing in the country have been born under the hegemony of a foreign orientation, while the sum of multiple and regional identities does not help to solve the problem of the lack of national identity. The exceptional historical heritage present in the unconscious of every Peruvian, together with an extraordinary multiethnic and multilingual richness, must finally prevail in order to affirm a single great project in which everyone can recognize themselves. To this end, it is important to formulate inclusive policies that help to manage this pluriculturality in the best possible way.