2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2014.04.024
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Apparent ghosts and spurious degrees of freedom in non-local theories

Abstract: Recent work has shown that non-local modifications of the Einstein equations can have interesting cosmological consequences and can provide a dynamical origin for dark energy, consistent with existing data. At first sight these theories are plagued by ghosts. We show that these apparent ghost-like instabilities do not describe actual propagating degrees of freedom, and there is no issue of ghost-induced quantum vacuum decay

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Cited by 53 publications
(116 citation statements)
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“…Since there is no freedom in choosing the initial conditions of Φ, the latter contributes zero to the degree of freedom count [7,23]. Consequently, (3.1) is not a scalar-tensor theory, as already noted in [1,7,18,20,23,26].…”
Section: Local Formulationmentioning
confidence: 90%
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“…Since there is no freedom in choosing the initial conditions of Φ, the latter contributes zero to the degree of freedom count [7,23]. Consequently, (3.1) is not a scalar-tensor theory, as already noted in [1,7,18,20,23,26].…”
Section: Local Formulationmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Consequently, (3.1) is not a scalar-tensor theory, as already noted in [1,7,18,20,23,26]. This situation is in sharp contrast with higher-derivative theories where one also usually integrates-in auxiliary fields to lower the derivative order.…”
Section: Local Formulationmentioning
confidence: 95%
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“…in Ref. [192], that the causality condition is automatically satisfied if one interprets the non-local action as a quantum effective one.…”
Section: Gravity In Cosmologymentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Such theories are usually not ghost free, but recently a solution where massive gravity can mimic dark energy for such a theory has been found [14][15][16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%