Appendicitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Whitney, Timothy M.; Macho, James R.; Russell, Thomas; Bossart, K. Jan; Heer, Friedrich; Schecter, William P.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(05)81182-1

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Signs of peritoneal inflammation may well be delayed or absent even in the face of a surgical emergency. Additionally, more than one disease may be present in the immunocompromised patient 14 . Physical examination may as well reveal the occurrence of organomegaly and lymphadenopathy, oral candidiasis, generalized lymphadenopathy, and Kaposi skin lesions, evidence associated with the stage of disease and degree of immunosuppression.…”

Section: Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before setting up a definite management plan, it should be reminded that non-specific abdominal pain and fever are frequent among patients with AIDS who do not suffer from a surgical illness 14,22 . The surgeon must consider that the possible causes of abdominal pain include a variety of conditions, some of which are frequent amongst the immunocompetent population, while others are directly HIV related (Tables 1,2,3, and 4), before a decision is made that the acute abdomen in the HIV patient is actually a "surgical abdomen".…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports of cases among AIDS patients reveal accumulated cases of appendicitis in aged patients, which indicates that it is caused by complications of AIDS-related conditions 14 . The clinical presentation is with characteristic right lower quandrant pain, frequently associated with a low to normal white blood cell count 33 .…”

Section: Most Common Indications For Surgery 411 Acute Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medical management with broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics is the treatment of choice 34 . Consequently, CT scan or even laparoscopy should be considered before surgical intervention 14,17 . Nevertheless, there seems to be an increased rate of perforation, gangrenous appendicitis, and early appendiceal abscess among patients with AIDS 14 .…”

Section: Most Common Indications For Surgery 411 Acute Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, CT scan or even laparoscopy should be considered before surgical intervention 14,17 . Nevertheless, there seems to be an increased rate of perforation, gangrenous appendicitis, and early appendiceal abscess among patients with AIDS 14 . This observation may be the result of delay in patient presentation, as well as delay by the physician owing to a normal or low white blood cell count, which is in fact elevated over the chronically low white blood cell count, or to the erroneous assumption that the cause of the abdominal pain is not surgical 35 .…”

Section: Most Common Indications For Surgery 411 Acute Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Acute Abdomen and HIV Infection

Kosmidis¹,

Anthimidis²,

Vasiliadou³

2011

HIV Infection in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment and Some of Its Associated Complications

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Section: Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Most Common Indications For Surgery 411 Acute Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Most Common Indications For Surgery 411 Acute Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Most Common Indications For Surgery 411 Acute Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Acute Abdomen and HIV Infection

Kosmidis¹,

Anthimidis²,

Vasiliadou³

2011

HIV Infection in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment and Some of Its Associated Complications

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The Surgeon and AIDS

Saltzman

Williams²,

Gelfand³

et al. 2005

Arch Surg

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Background: Since the first reports on indications and outcome for abdominal procedures in the HIV/AIDS patient were published 20 years ago, the epidemiology and presentation of surgical illness have changed remarkably with the advent of new antiviral regimens. A review of the now occasional, but still important, role of the surgeon in contemporary treatment of HIV/AIDS is presented.Data Sources: Information was obtained by PubMed searches of medical journals, examination of reference lists, and Web resources.Study Selection: Articles on operative indications, outcomes, precautions, source of transmission, and pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS were selected.Data Extraction: Data was obtained from peerreviewed articles and references. Data Synthesis:The last 2 decades have seen a decrease in operative mortality from as high as 85% to approximately 15% with a corresponding improvement in morbidity. Surgical emergencies such as appendicitis occur in HIV patients with the same frequency as non-HIV patients and are treated with equivalent results. Concern about transmission of HIV in the operating room has lessened somewhat. Although still a hazard, the probability of HIV transmission with accidental exposure is low, with risks below 0.5% for percutaneous hollow-bore needles and less than 0.1% risk for mucus membrane exposure.Conclusions: Improved surgical outcomes together with of accurate data on the modes and likelihood of accidental transmission of HIV to members of the surgery team have resulted in the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients becoming an accepted part of routine surgical practice.

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Laparotomy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Indications and outcome

Lowy

Barie

1994

Journal of British Surgery

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Four distinct disease processes account for the majority of surgically correctable intra-abdominal pathologies associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: cytomegalovirus infection, Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mycobacterial infection. Affected patients may also develop acute cholecystitis and appendicitis with significant frequency. Thorough investigation, when possible, will obviate the need for laparotomy in most HIV-infected patients with abdominal symptoms and signs. In those who require surgical intervention, the outcome varies greatly according to the nature of the diagnosis.

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Appendicitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Cited by 45 publications

References 23 publications

Acute Abdomen and HIV Infection

Acute Abdomen and HIV Infection

The Surgeon and AIDS

Laparotomy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Indications and outcome

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