Applicability of a Progesterone-Based Timed Artificilal Insemination Protocol after Follicular Fluid Aspiration Using the Ovum Pick-up Technique in Suckled Beef Cows

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Abstract. We investigated whether suckling would affect embryo production of cows bred by timed artificial insemination (TAI) following an ovulation synchronization protocol combined with ovum pick-up and progesterone releasing intravaginal device (OPU-PRID-TAI protocol). The number of oocytes and transferable embryos collected by repeated OPU, performed before and after TAI, were recorded. A total of 14 Japanese Black cows were divided into weaned (n=7) and suckled groups (n=7). All 14 cows were treated with OPU on day 0 (the first day of treatment) and then with a PRID for 9 days. Prostaglandin F2α analog was administered on day 7, GnRH analog was administered on day 10 (36 h after removal of the PRID) and TAI was performed 12 h later. Ovulation was confirmed by palpation per rectum the following day. After TAI, additional OPU sessions were performed on days 18, 25 and 32. The synchronized ovulation rates of the weaned and suckled groups were 100 and 85.7%, and the conception rates were 71.4 and 42.9%, respectively. Immature oocytes were fertilized and cultured in vitro. The numbers of oocytes collected and blastocysts generated were similar between the individual OPU sessions in both groups. However, the total numbers of oocytes collected, cultured oocytes, cleavage embryos and blastocysts as well as the proportions of cleavage embryos and blastocysts to cultured oocytes were all significantly (P<0.05) greater in the weaned group compared with the suckled group. These results suggest that the OPU-PRID-TAI protocol has the potential to produce a significant number of good-quality embryos in vitro after repeated OPU in early postpartum weaned Japanese Black cows. To collect more oocytes and produce more embryos, we suggest that calves be removed from cows scheduled for treatment using this protocol. Key words: Cow, Early postpartum, Japanese black, Ovum pick-up (OPU), Suckling, Timed artificial insemination (TAI) (J. Reprod. Dev. 54: [346][347][348][349][350][351] 2008) t is economically advantageous for beef cattle producers to have cows in estrus within 60 days postpartum and pregnant within 80 days postpartum and to produce a calf each year. An increase in days open results in a significant economic loss, particularly in the case of Japanese Black cows whose calves have a high market value because of the marbled meat they produce. Various estrus and ovulation synchronization programs have been applied to early postpartum beef cows to achieve maximum reproductive ability [1][2][3]. Use of intravaginal progesterone devices in these programs has been effective in animals with silent heat or anestrus [4].Transvaginal ovum pick-up (OPU), a technique for collecting oocytes from live donor cows using ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte aspiration, and in vitro embryo production (IVP) have become important methods for making the most of the genetic traits of superior donors in the beef industry [5][6][7][8]. In addition, OPU is applicable to animals in various reproductive states, including the cyclic, non-cycl...

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Suckling on Embryo Production by Repeated Ovum Pick-Up Before and After Timed Artificial Insemination in Early Postpartum Japanese Black Cows

Hirata

Sato

Sasaki

et al. 2008

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“…Complete uterine involution takes more time than ovarian function, and the uterus is usually not ready for the embryo to implant until approximately 5 weeks postpartum in cows. When the ovaries start functioning normally, and uterine involution becomes complete, some cows can conceive by artificial insemination (AI) after estrous detection or a timed AI protocol without estrous detection [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. However, some other cows cannot get pregnant because the uterine environment is not yet ready to accept the embryo for implantation because of persistent intrauterine inflammation beyond the puerperium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predisposing factors, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of persistent endometritis in postpartum cows

Osawa

2021

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A certain level of endometrial bacterial infection and inflammation is involved in bovine uterine involution during the puerperal period. Factors that hamper normal uterine involution expose the uterine environment to pathological conditions, causing different endometritis levels. The lack of proper diagnostic tools extends the time to conception. Efforts have been made to elucidate the postpartum uterine environment, including bacterial flora, changes in transient endometrial inflammation, and the pathophysiology of endometritis, to improve bovine reproductive performance. E. coli and Trueperella pyogenes in the uterus are likely to cause persistent infection, and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium infection is associated with dystocia and cytological endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Due to the widespread use of cytobrush as a diagnostic tool for bovine subclinical endometritis (SE) that enables quantification of the degree of inflammation, we found that endometritis at week 5 postpartum was associated with delayed first ovulation. Approximately 30% of open cows have SE during the postpartum period, and cows with low blood glucose during prepartum have a high risk of developing SE. Additionally, cows with purulent vaginal discharge do not always have endometritis but only vaginitis and/or cervicitis. Intrauterine infusion of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I)improves fertility and promotes endometrial epithelial cell regeneration after inducing transient uterine inflammation, suggesting that PVP-I could be a good alternative to antibiotics. In conclusion, prepartum management to prevent glucose deficiency, prompt diagnosis to identify causative agents and intrauterine inflammation levels, and appropriate treatment to minimize antimicrobial resistance is beneficial for tackling endometritis and improving reproductive performance in bovine herds.

“…We previously obtained a high conception rate using a TAI protocol with progesterone and follicular aspiration on suckled or nonsuckled Japanese Black cows as early as 30 days postpartum [23,24]. However, detailed information on the effect of follicular aspiration at the onset of TAI on subsequent follicular growth has yet to be elucidated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Follicular Aspiration at the Onset of Progesterone-based Timed Artificial Insemination on the Follicular Dynamics and Fertility of Early Postpartum Japanese Black Cows

Hirata

Kon

Sugiyama

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-A) or follicular aspiration at the onset of progesterone-based timed artificial insemination (TAI) on subsequent follicular growth and synchronization of ovulation was examined in early postpartum Japanese Black cows. A total of 40 (22 in Exp. 1 and 18 in Exp. 2) Japanese Black cows at 20-30 days postpartum were fitted with a progesterone releasing internal device (PRID) for 7 days, injected with a prostaglandin F2α analogue upon removal of the PRID and GnRH-A 48 h later, and inseminated 18 h after GnRH-A injection. In Exp. 1, the animals were divided into three groups (untreated control, GnRH-A injection or follicular aspiration) of different treatments on the first day of PRID insertion (day 0), and the synchronized ovulation rate in the follicular aspiration group (100%; 8/8) tended to be higher (P=0.077) than that in the control group (42.9%; 3/ 7). In Exp. 2, follicular growth in the GnRH (n=9) and follicular aspiration (n=9) groups was monitored by ultrasonography. Four out of the nine animals in the GnRH group had a corpus luteum on either day 4 or day 7 (OV group), and the other five animals had no induced ovulation (NOV group). The diameter of the ovulatory follicle on day 9 in the OV group (1.44 ± 0.11 cm) tended to be greater (P=0.078) than that in the NOV group (1.13 ± 0.07 cm). Follicular aspiration at the onset of PRID-based TAI of early postpartum Japanese Black cows, regardless of the resumption of ovarian cyclicity, tended to result in a higher rate of synchronization of ovulation than that of the untreated controls. Key words: Early postpartum, Japanese Black cows, Ovum pick-up, PRID, Timed artificial insemination (J. Reprod. Dev. 57: [613][614][615][616][617][618][619] 2011) t is economically beneficial to impregnate cows as early as possible postpartum in a beef production system. A number of protocols controlling timing of estrus and ovulation followed by timed artificial insemination (TAI) have been developed to save labor costs and improve reproductive efficiency in the cow [1][2][3]. One of the key points in designing these protocols is how to control follicular growth. Options to control follicular growth include administration of progesterone, estradiol-17β or gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicle ablation [14,15]. While progesterone inhibits ovulation of a dominant follicle, it allows the dominant follicle to maintain dominance, leading to low fertility due to an aged ovum being maintained for an extended period in a high-progesterone environment [4,16]. To improve conception rates with TAI, it is effective to administer estradiol-17β or GnRH to reset a follicular wave at the time of progesterone insertion [4]. However, previous studies have reported animals in which ovulation was induced and in which ovulation was not induced by the 1 st GnRH injection under the TAI protocol, and the conception rates in those that had no induced ovulati...