Application game and low-cost BCI measurement of electrical scalp activity as an additional tool to test children with ADHD

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study is to identify attentional biomarkers by using BCI technology of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) associated with several pejorative outcomes that are difficult to detect using only behavioral testing. We investigated whether Attention measures using a BCI application game in combination with a neuropsychological test can help to discriminate between participants attending to developmental differences on attentional skills. Materials and Methods: The GokEvolution application game was designed to train and improve attention and to provide an additional measure to identify attentional problems in children. Attention and Meditation changes registered with NeuroSky Mindwave in combination with the CARAS-R psychological test were used to identify attentional skills and impulsivity in 52 non-ADHD and 23 ADHD children from 6 to 12 years old. Results: The analyses revealed the usefulness of GokEvolution, when considering the measure of Attention. The ADHD group showed lower levels of Attention and more variability in brain responses when compared to the control group. In the ADHD group we found a strong significant negative correlation between attention at the last level of the game. Likewise, a negative correlation with impulsivity was found. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the system was able to map the low attention profile of the ADHD group when compared to control group and that it holds potential to be used in clinical settings as a screening tool previous to diagnostic.