Application of a neural network to improve an automated thermoplastic tow-placement process

Heider, Dirk; Piovoso, Michael J.; Gillespie, John W.

doi:10.1016/s0959-1524(00)00064-0

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…12,10,13,26,32,128 In terms of hot gas torch systems, air, as a gas, was used in few studies 82,136,143 ; however, the vast majority of the studies were based on nitrogen gas in which the setups were either having a single torch 27,36 –38,44,54 –56,60,63,64,67,70,79,81,83,85,105,110,119,146,147 or two torches. 25,30,31,33,43,57 –59,69,138,148 The NASA LaRc heated head automated thermoplastic tape placement (HHATP) includes four methylacetylene propadiene (MAPP) gas combustion torches (preheaters) and a mini gas torch to rapidly heat both tape surfaces at the contact point to the process temperature. 101 –104,139 –141 Hydroxygen flame torches were also utilized.…”

Section: Heat Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compaction device could be a single roller, multiple rollers, or an area compactor. Setups having area compactors 101 –104,139 –141 as well as two compaction rollers 25,30,31,33,43,47,53,57 –59,69,138,148 were investigated. The single roller design, however, is by far the most common available setup in the literature.…”

Section: Process Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several product quality parameters or responses were considered in the several parametric studies performed for the thermoplastic tape placement process. Bond strength, 16,19 –22,25,30,31,33,36,42,43,49,50,53,55,57 –61,63,65,69,70,73,75,77 –79,81,84,85,103,132 void content, 25,30,31,33,36 –38,42,43,53,57 –59,75,77,82,146 material degradation, 25,43,53,62,63,74,85 degree of crystallinity, 18,22,42,44,62,63,…”

Section: Process Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63,85 As for the controllable variables, they can be divided into three categories: setup related, material related, and process related. 36 Besides the heat input or amount of energy which has different forms depending on the type of heat source, the other two most investigated variables are the placement velocity/winding speed 16,18 –22,25,30,31,33,35 –38,42 –46,48 –50,53 –57,63 –65,68,70,77 –79,82 –85,92,132,146 and the compaction force. 16,18,20 –22,30,31,36 –38,42,43,48,55,57,58,61,63,65,…”

Section: Process Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 A closely related process, derived from filament winding, is the tape winding process, which has a low-cost setup without a robotic or gantry-mounted head, and involves a mandrel/tool having a cylindrical shape so that circular rings can be processed. Both flat laminates 9,10,13,16,17,19,21,22,25,30,31,33,35 –69 and circular rings 20,55,70,71 –84 were investigated as well as elliptical rings. 76 Although a promising technique, ATP process still has many challenges to be overcome before it can be ful...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of thermoplastic matrix composites through automated fiber placement and tape laying methods

Yassin

Hojjati

2017

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

117

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Fiber-reinforced composite materials are replacing metallic components due to their higher specific strength and stiffness. Automation and thermoplastics emerged to overcome the time and labor intensive manual techniques and the long curing cycles associated with processing thermoset-based composites. Thermoplastics are processed through fusion bonding which involves applying heat and pressure at the interface. Together with automated techniques (such as automated fiber placement, and automated tape laying), a fast, clean, out-of-autoclave, and automated process can be obtained. A detailed review of thermoplastic composites processing through automated methods is presented. It sheds the light on the materials used and the different heat sources incorporated with the pros and cons of each, with concentration mainly on hot gas torch, laser, and ultrasonic heating. A thorough illustration of the several mechanisms involved in a tow/tape placement process is tackled such as heat transfer, intimate contact development, molecular interdiffusion, void consolidation and growth, thermal degradation, crystallization, and so on. Few gaps and recommendations are included related to materials, laser heat source, heat transfer model, and the use of silicone rubber rollers. A review of optimization studies for tape placement processes is summarized including the main controllable variables and product quality parameters (or responses), with some of the major findings for laser and hot gas torch systems being presented. Both mechanical and physical characterizations are also reviewed including several testing techniques such as short beam shear, double cantilever beam, lap shear, wedge peel, differential scanning calorimetry, and so on. Challenges, however, still exist, such as achieving the autoclave-level mechanical properties and complying with the porosity levels required by the aerospace industry. More work is still necessary to overcome these challenges as well as increase the throughput of the process before it can be totally commercialized.

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Section: Heat Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of thermoplastic matrix composites through automated fiber placement and tape laying methods

Yassin

Hojjati

2017

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

117

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A model-based methodology for on-line quality control

Kazmer

Westerdale

2008

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The effect of temperature field on the characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites in the laying and shaping process

Zhao

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The temperature field during the automated lay-up of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites is investigated in this work. The heat transfer boundary conditions of the lay-up process are determined by establishing a mathematical model of the temperature field; the basic properties of the material are determined using CF/PEEK as the research object; the heat transfer parameters in the temperature field are analyzed to determine the thermal convection region affected by hot air and the radiated heat of the infrared lamp; and a finite element model of the temperature field is established.The FEM temperature field model was created to investigate heat transfer throughout the lay-up process, as well as the impact of mold heating, layup preheating, and varied heating temperatures on different lay-ups. The temperature change law of different lay-ups under different heating and preheating temperatures of hot air is analyzed; the online temperature measurement device is built, and the automatic lay-up experiment is carried out to analyze the heating performance of infrared lamp and hot air gun and to determine their relevant parameters.Using the results of experiments and simulations, it has been determined that different mold temperatures are required for different lay-ups; preheating can effectively reduce the temperature gradient between lay-ups; and at a lay-up speed of 5mm/s, a preheating temperature of 200°C and a hot air temperature above 400°C can ensure that the critical temperature between the prepreg wire bundle and lay-ups reaches the melting point and can be laid up normally.

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Application of a neural network to improve an automated thermoplastic tow-placement process

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Processing of thermoplastic matrix composites through automated fiber placement and tape laying methods

Processing of thermoplastic matrix composites through automated fiber placement and tape laying methods

A model-based methodology for on-line quality control

The effect of temperature field on the characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites in the laying and shaping process

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