Application of a Sulfonated Styrene–(Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate) Resin as Catalyst

Penariol, J. L.; Theodoro, T. R.; Dias, J. R.; Carpegiani, J. A.; Aguiar, Leandro G.

doi:10.1134/s0023158419050057

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Polymer-supported catalysts have the benefit of being able to manipulate their textural characteristics by changing the synthesis conditions. Furthermore, this type of material is less toxic in comparison with metal catalysts, as it is not susceptible to leaching [8][9][10]. Larger surface areas in porous polymer particles result in a greater number of catalytic sites, therefore controlling this characteristic as a function of polymerization factors is of significant importance [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Farouq

Selim

2023

J Polym Environ

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In this work, two catalysts based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) containing sulfonic acid group and the −COOH group of citric acid (CA) were synthesized. Characterization of the −SO3H functionalized PEG and citric acid functionalized PEG has been carried out using FT–IR. The acidity of PEG–SO3H and PEG–CA has been explored to investigate their catalytic efficiency towards eco-friendly production of methyl salicylate via esterification of salicylic acid using methanol as a reactant as well as solvent. Methanol to acid molar ratios of 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1 was applied. The sulfonated PEG is found to be a very active solid acid catalyst giving high yields (82%) under the optimized reaction conditions (10:1 M ratio of methanol to acid; reaction temperature, 65 °C; reaction time, 150 min with catalyst loading of 1.5%. In comparison with the catalytic activity of H2SO4, PEG–SO3H, and PEG-CA; the PEG–SO3H surpassed the catalytic activity of both H2SO4 and PEG–CA. The IEC of PEG–SO3H was 4 meq/g. And the maximum water uptake of PEG-SO3H was 8.25%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Farouq

Selim

2023

J Polym Environ

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“…Playing a catalytic role in many reactions, sulfonated styrene–DVB resins from commercial lines such as Amberlyst, Amberlite, Purolite, , Dowex, and Lewatit, among others, have been extensively studied. Recently, modified resins composed of styrene cross-linked with alternative divinyl monomers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) have been synthesized and tested in esterification reactions. − These resins presented promising catalytic activity, indicating that the properties of the polymer matrix and the consequent accessibility to catalytic sites should be better explored. The catalytic efficiency of sulfonated resins depends not only on their porosity, specific surface, and ion exchange capacity but also on their degree of cross-linking and consequent swelling indexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Effect of Cross-Link Density on Resins Catalytic Activities

Aguiar

Godoy

Nápolis

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Two mathematical models were coupled to quantitatively assess the effect of cross-link density on the catalytic activity of sulfonated styrene−divinylbenzene (DVB) resins: (I) a copolymerization model comprised of the mass balances of species and sequences, which is used to quantify inaccessible catalytic sites, and (II) a second-order pseudohomogeneous kinetic model to describe the catalyzed reactions. The fraction of inaccessible sites ranged from 10% to 72% of the total sites for resins with 4% and 20% DVB, respectively. It was found that chain segments with six or less monomer units between cross-links contain inaccessible sites for the catalyzed reactions studied herein. The mathematical approach was validated with 53 catalysis experiments from the literature and provided good agreements. A linear correlation for the fraction of inaccessible sites as a function of sequences distribution was proposed and validated, providing R 2 = 0.992. These results can represent a valuable tool to improve the performance of styrene−DVB-based catalysts.

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“…The same system was studied using 3 g L −1 of catalyst with an acetic acid/isoamyl alcohol molar ratio of 2:1 at 80°C, and an alcohol conversion of 87% was achieved in 2 h of reaction. [ 16 ] Resins with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate have a relatively high swelling index, which can favor the accessibility of the catalytic sites. [ 15 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly[Styrene‐co‐(Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate)] and Application in the Catalysis of Glycerol Acetylation

Godoy

Castro

Nápolis

et al. 2020

Macromolecular Symposia

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The purpose of this study is the synthesis of a sulfonated resin of styrene cross‐linked with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (PS‐TMPTA) and its application as a catalyst in glycerol acetylation. The process for obtaining the resins is an aqueous suspension copolymerization at 80°C followed by a sulfonation with sulfuric acid at 57.5°C. Resin characterizations are performed regarding characteristics such as ion exchange capacity and swelling index. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) found for PS‐TMPTA (4.4 mmol g−1) is lower compared to those of commercial resins, for example, Amberlyst 36 (5.4 mmol g−1). Despite the low IEC (lower number of catalytic sites), PS‐TMPTA presents a relatively high swelling index (2.4) and a higher turnover number (TON = 62.3 h−1) in comparison with the resin Amberlyst 36 (TON = 51.1 h−1) in glycerol acetylation at 80°C with excess of acetic acid.

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Application of a Sulfonated Styrene–(Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate) Resin as Catalyst

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Functionalized Polyethylene Glycol as a Catalyst for Esterification of Salicylic Acid

Modeling the Effect of Cross-Link Density on Resins Catalytic Activities

Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly[Styrene‐co‐(Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate)] and Application in the Catalysis of Glycerol Acetylation

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