“…Perhaps, as suggested by Wang et al (2023) , employing artificial intelligence (AI) for assessing the image difference may overcome this problem. Although combining NAA methods with AI has not been tested in the food safety area, this approach has been tested in other fields ( Miao et al, 2023 , Xie et al, 2022b ). Finally, guidelines for validating NAA-based methods for detecting microbial pathogens in foods should be established.…”