Application of avalanche transistors to circuits with a long mean time to failure

Herden, W.

doi:10.1109/tim.1976.6312331

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…9) using a transistor operating in avalanche mode (Henebry 1961;Herden 1976). The transmitter is similar in principle to that described by Watts and Isherwood (1978) and Wright et al (1990), but with much lower power requirements dictated by the 1.5 mA output of the high voltage supply (set to 800 V).…”

Section: Appendix A: Radar Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-explosive, constructional evolution of the ice-filled caldera at Volcán Sollipulli, Chile

Gilbert

Stasiuk

Lane

et al. 1996

Bulletin of Volcanology

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A radar and gravity survey of the ice-filled caldera at Volcán Sollipulli, Chile, indicates that the intra-caldera ice has a thickness of up to 650 m in its central part and that the caldera harbours a minimum of 6 km 3 of ice. Reconnaissance geological observations show that the volcano has erupted compositions ranging from olivine basalt to dacite and have identified five distinct volcanic units in the caldera walls. Pre-or syncaldera collapse deposits (the Sharkfin pyroclastic unit) comprise a sequence which evolved from subglacial to subaerial facies. Post-caldera collapse products, which crop out along 17 of the 20 km length of the caldera wall, were erupted almost exclusively along the caldera margins in the presence of a large body of intra-caldera ice. The Alpehué crater, formed by an explosive eruption between 2960 and 2780 a. BP, in the southwest part of the caldera is shown to post date formation of the caldera. Sollipulli lacks voluminous silicic pyroclastic rocks associated with caldera formation and the collapse structure does not appear to be a consequence of a large-magnitude explosive eruption. Instead, lateral magma movement at depth resulting in emptying of the magma chamber may have generated the caldera. The radar and gravity data show that the central part of the caldera floor is flat but, within a few hundred metres of the caldera walls, the floor has a stepped topography with relatively low-density rock bodies beneath the ice in this region. This, coupled with the fact that most of the post-caldera eruptions have taken place along the caldera walls, implies that the caldera has been substantially modified by subglacial marginal eruptions. Sollipulli caldera has evolved from a collapse to a constructional feature with intra-caldera ice playing a major role. The post-caldera eruptions have resulted in an increase in height of the walls and concomitant deepening of the caldera with time.

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Section: Appendix A: Radar Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-explosive, constructional evolution of the ice-filled caldera at Volcán Sollipulli, Chile

Gilbert

Stasiuk

Lane

et al. 1996

Bulletin of Volcanology

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“…The competing state-of-the-art solutions that satisfy these criteria are pulsed switches based on the latest developments in GaN field-effect transistors (FET) or properly optimized avalanche transistors. Despite very powerful competition from GaN FETs, especially at higher repetition rates (>100 kHz), Si avalanche transistors remain a strong competitor in our opinion, thanks to their high switching speed, low price and simple, miniature transmitter circuitry [8,9]. The relatively large duration of the optical pulse (typically 3-10 ns) becomes a bottleneck in lidars aimed at the longest possible distance (ideally up to several kilometres) with high ranging precision (around a decimetre).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature High-Power Nanosecond Laser Diode Transmitters Using the Simplest Possible Avalanche Drivers

Vainshtein

Zemlyakov

Егоркин

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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The-state-of-the-art in long-distance near-infrared optical radars is the use of laser-diodebased miniature pulsed transmitters producing optical pulses of 3-10 ns in duration and peak power typically below 40W. The duration of the transmitted optical pulses becomes a bottleneck in the task of improving the radar ranging precision, particularly due to the progress made in developing single photon avalanche detectors (SPADs). The speed of miniature highcurrent drivers is limited by the speed of the semiconductor switch, either a gallium nitride (GaN) field-effect transistor, the most popular alternative nowadays, or a silicon avalanche bipolar junction transistor (ABJT), which was traditional in the past. Recent progress in the physical understanding of peculiar 3-D transients promises further enhancement in speed and efficiency of properly modified ABJTs, but that is not the only factor limiting the transmitter speed. We show here that a low-inductance miniature transmitter assembly containing only a specially developed capacitor, a more advanced transistor chip than that used in commercial ABJTs and a laser diode has allowed peak power from 40 to 180 W to be reached in optical pulses of 1-2 ns in duration without afterpulsing relaxation oscillations. This finding is of interest for compact low-cost, long-distance decimetreprecision lidars, particularly for automotive applications.

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“…In our opinion, the best available solution to this problem is associated with the use of high-voltage (~ 300 V) avalanche transistors [3] for optical pulses of 3-10 ns duration from laser diodes of 10-100 W power. The main problem is nanosecond high-current drivers [4,5]. Highcurrent (10 -100 A) drivers of the nanosecond, subnanosecond and even picosecond range are on the market (http://www.fidtechnology.com).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation Principles of Creation of Nanosecond Laser Driver with Operating Frequency up to 10 kHz

Zemlyakov

Filimonov

Vainshtein

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics (EExPolytech)

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The aim of the work is to create a miniature pulse optical lidar on an infrared laser diode by means of highly effective avalanche switching in bipolar silicon transistors. Confident operation of the optical switch board at a frequency of 10 kHz with a dynamic charging circuit has been achieved. The ways of increasing the radiation power, increasing the repetition rate of pulses (necessary to improve the accuracy of the lidar) are considered.

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Application of avalanche transistors to circuits with a long mean time to failure

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Non-explosive, constructional evolution of the ice-filled caldera at Volcán Sollipulli, Chile

Non-explosive, constructional evolution of the ice-filled caldera at Volcán Sollipulli, Chile

Miniature High-Power Nanosecond Laser Diode Transmitters Using the Simplest Possible Avalanche Drivers

Investigation Principles of Creation of Nanosecond Laser Driver with Operating Frequency up to 10 kHz

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