Application of biofiltration system on AOC removal: Column and field studies

Chien, Chih-Ching; Kao, C. L.; Chen, C.W.; Dong, Cheng-Di; Wu, Chun Yi

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.12.005

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Pellets have a typical residence time of about 100 days in the reactor; they are then removed regularly from the bottom of the reactor and are reused in other industrial processes, such as the steel or chicken-farming industry (28,31). While the positions of PS reactors in a drinking water treatment train can differ, one approach is to place them directly after ozonation systems (6,13,31), followed by membrane filtration (15), sand filtration (6), or granular active carbon (GAC) filtration (13,31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacterial Colonization of Pellet Softening Reactors Used during Drinking Water Treatment

Hammes

Boon

Vital

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Pellet softening reactors are used in centralized and decentralized drinking water treatment plants for the removal of calcium (hardness) through chemically induced precipitation of calcite. This is accomplished in fluidized pellet reactors, where a strong base is added to the influent to increase the pH and facilitate the process of precipitation on an added seeding material. Here we describe for the first time the opportunistic bacterial colonization of the calcite pellets in a full-scale pellet softening reactor and the functional contribution of these colonizing bacteria to the overall drinking water treatment process. ATP analysis, advanced microscopy, and community fingerprinting with denaturing gradient gel electrophoretic (DGGE) analysis were used to characterize the biomass on the pellets, while assimilable organic carbon (AOC), dissolved organic carbon, and flow cytometric analysis were used to characterize the impact of the biological processes on drinking water quality. The data revealed pellet colonization at concentrations in excess of 500 ng of ATP/g of pellet and reactor biomass concentrations as high as 220 mg of ATP/m 3 of reactor, comprising a wide variety of different microorganisms. These organisms removed as much as 60% of AOC from the water during treatment, thus contributing toward the biological stabilization of the drinking water. Notably, only a small fraction (about 60,000 cells/ml) of the bacteria in the reactors was released into the effluent under normal conditions, while the majority of the bacteria colonizing the pellets were captured in the calcite structures of the pellets and were removed as a reusable product.

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confidence: 99%

Bacterial Colonization of Pellet Softening Reactors Used during Drinking Water Treatment

Hammes

Boon

Vital

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This might indicate that the biofilms scaled off the pipe inner surface increased organic matters in water samples. Other possible cause of the increase in AOC concentrations could be due to the post-chlorination, which oxidized the organic matters to more biodegradable and assimilable compounds such as oxalic acid (Van der Kooij 1995; Chien et al 2006). Generally, the quantity of some organic matters in water or wastewater (e.g., lignin, tannin, humic substance) is directly proportional to the measurements of UV-254 (absorbance value measured at 254 nm).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current water treatment system consists of pumping station, preozonation, sedimentation, pellet softening, rapid filtration, ozonation, and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration followed by chlorination ( Fig. 1; Chien et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biological stability and corrosion potential in drinking water distribution systems: a case study

Chien

Kao

Chen

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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The appearance of assimilable organic carbon (AOC), microbial regrowth, disinfection by-products (DBPs), and pipe corrosion in drinking water distribution systems are among those major safe drinking water issues in many countries. The water distribution system of Cheng-Ching Lake Water Treatment Plant (CCLWTP) was selected in this study to evaluate the: (1) fate and transport of AOC, DBPs [e.g., trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs)], and other organic carbon indicators in the selected distribution system, (2) correlations between AOC (or DBPs) and major water quality parameters [e.g. dissolved oxygen (DO), free residual chlorine, and bacteria, and (3) causes and significance of corrosion problems of the water pipes in this system. In this study, seasonal water samples were collected from 13 representative locations in the distribution system for analyses of AOC, DBPs, and other water quality indicators. Results indicate that residual free chlorine concentrations in the distribution system met the drinking water standards (0.2 to 1 mg l(-1)) established by Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). Results show that AOC measurements correlated positively with total organic carbon (TOC) and UV-254 (an organic indicator) values in this system. Moreover, AOC concentrations at some locations were higher than the 50 microg acetate-C l(-1) standard established by Taiwan Water Company. This indicates that the microbial regrowth might be a potential water quality problem in this system. Higher DO measurements (>5.7 mg l(-1)) might cause the aerobic biodegradation of THMs and HAAs in the system, and thus, low THMs (<0.035 mg l(-1)) and HAAs (<0.019 mg l(-1)) concentrations were observed at all sampling locations. Results from the observed negative Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) values, higher Ryznar Stability Index (RSI) values, and high Fe3+ concentrations at some pipe-end locations indicate that highly oxidative and corrosive conditions occurred. This reveals that pipe replacement should be considered at these locations. These findings would be helpful in managing the water distribution system for maintaining a safe drinking water quality.

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“…Because of the adverse effects of organic matter and potential pathogenic microorganisms (Fawell and Nieuwenhuijsen 2003), the treatment of river water with coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration, together with disinfection are required before raw river water entering into water distribution network of municipal and/or rural water systems. Treatments of water with coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration remove natural organic matters (NOMs) related to color, taste, and odors (Chien et al 2008), whereas disinfection protects against the threat of microbiological contamination (Shirey et al 2012). Microorganisms are largely involved in organic matter adsorption and decomposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial community in the biofilm of granular activated carbon (GAC) PreBiofilter in bench-scale pilot plants for surface water pretreatment

Sabula

et al. 2014

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Biofilters of granular activated carbon (GAC) are responsible for the removal of organic matters in drinking water treatments. PreBiofilters, which operate as the first unit in a surface water treatment train, are a cost-effective pretreatment for conventional surface water treatment and provide more consistent downstream water quality. This study investigated bacterial communities from the samples of raw surface water, biofilm on the PreBiofilter, and filtrates for surface water pretreatment. A bench-scale pilot plant of PreBiofilter was constructed to pretreat surface water from the Canoochee River, GA, USA. PreBiofilter exhibited a significant reduction of total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon. The evenness and Shannon diversity of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly higher on the biofilm of PreBiofilter than in raw water and filtrates. Similar bacteria communities were observed in the raw water and filtrates using relative abundance of bacterial OTUs. However, the bacterial communities in the filtrates became relatively similar to those in the biofilm using presence/absence of bacterial OTUs. GAC biofilm or raw water and filtrates greatly contributed to the abundance of bacteria; whereas, bacteria sheared from colonized biofilm and entered filtrates. Evenly distributed, diverse and unique bacteria in the biofilm played an important role to remove organic matters from surface water for conventional surface water pretreatment.

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Application of biofiltration system on AOC removal: Column and field studies

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Bacterial Colonization of Pellet Softening Reactors Used during Drinking Water Treatment

Bacterial Colonization of Pellet Softening Reactors Used during Drinking Water Treatment

Evaluation of biological stability and corrosion potential in drinking water distribution systems: a case study

Bacterial community in the biofilm of granular activated carbon (GAC) PreBiofilter in bench-scale pilot plants for surface water pretreatment

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