Application of Bubble Separation for Quantitative Analysis of Choline in Dioscorea (Yam) Tubers

Abstract

A modified assay based on the AACC official method 86-45 (AACC, 2000) for the determination of choline in three cereals and three varieties of Dioscorea (yam) tubers was developed. When tested in wheat, rice, and oat flour, choline estimated by the modified method was 34.0-45.3% higher than that of the original AACC method. In a system with higher contents of starch and mucilage, such as Dioscorea (yam) tubers, extra procedures in sample preparation needed to be carried out to separate starch and mucilage. The choline contents of the following Dioscorea (yam) tubers using the original AACC method and the present modified AACC method through coupling an additional bubble separation procedure, respectively, were (mean +/- SD, mg/g solid) Keelung yam (D. pseudojaponicaY.) 0.92 +/- 0.09 and 2.21 +/- 0.12, Yangmingshan yam (D. alata L.) 0.77 +/- 0.09 and 1.78 +/- 0.28, and Ming-Chien yam (D. purpurea) 0.44 +/- 0.09 and 1.35 +/- 0.19. Choline was 231-306% higher than when the original AACC method was used. Dioscorea (yam) tubers were much higher in choline content than they were in cereals. Bubble separation is an appropriate procedure in the practice for the maximum assay of choline in yams. It is accurate, rapid, easy to handle, and especially good for recovering choline from a starch and polysaccharide-protein-containing system.

Influence of different particle processing on hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic activities of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica) in cholesterol‐fed rabbit model

“…Nutritional assessment has suggested that starch is the predominant fraction and the average crude protein content is 7.4 g kg −1 of the tuber dry matter . In addition, the tuber contains mucin, allantoin, choline, crude fat, crude fibre, vitamins, minerals, phytosterols and steroidal saponins . In particular, steroidal saponins such as diosgenin and protodioscin have been demonstrated to have an antihyperlipidemic effect in rodent models .…”

Additional Benefit of Chinese Medicine Formulae Including Dioscoreae rhizome (Shanyao) for Diabetes Mellitus: Current State of Evidence

“…The major component groups of Shanyao are saponins, phenolic compounds, sterols, and mucilage (8). Identified active ingredients of Shanyao include polysaccharides, flavonoids, allantoin, choline, dioscin, and so on (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Shanyao has shown immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects (78,79).…”

“…It is a popular herb and can also be consumed as a type of food. Active ingredients of Shanyao include polysaccharides, flavonoids, allantoin, choline, and dioscin (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita rhizoma) Polysaccharide in Different Structure and Molecular Weight

“…Chinese yam, namely Dioscorea opposita rhizome, is a kind of common commercial food in China which also has been used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for a long time on the treatment of diabetes, asthma, diarrhea, and other ailments (Zuo and Tang ). At present, the related active ingredients have been concluded to be polysaccharides, flavonoids, allantoin, phenanthrenes, choline, dioscin, and so on (Coxon and others ; Fu and others , ; Jeon and others ; Kong and others ; Yang and others , 2014; Ju and others ).…”