Application of Different Stimulation Techniques, Multistage Proppant and Acid Fracturing Operations Offshore Congo

Rotondi, Marco; Sobernheim, David; Malonga, Henri; Batmaz, Taner; Pounga, Francois; Obondoko, Gaston; Pace, Giamberadino; Osculati, Lorenzo; Ndoassal, Eric; Asibor, Ehis; Amare, Patrick

doi:10.2118/134905-ms

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Hence, the carbonate dissolution phenomenon is similar for acid microemulsions and macroemulsions. Macroemulsions are successfully applied in both matrix acidizing and fracture acidizing treatments [25,[35][36][37]. These case histories demonstrate the use of emulsified acids as the main treating fluid to increase the depth of stimulation at treatments up to about 176°C.…”

Section: Industry Applications: Carbonate Acidizingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microemulsion Applications in Carbonate Reservoir Stimulation

Fredd¹,

Hoefner²,

Fogler³

2017

Properties and Uses of Microemulsions

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Carbonate reservoir stimulation involves the injection of reactive fluids, most commonly hydrochloric acid (HCl), into the porous media to enhance the permeability and increase hydrocarbon production. This process results in the formation of highly conductive flow channels, or wormholes, and relies on the deep penetration of reactive fluids into the formation to maximize stimulation success. However, the rapid rate of reaction of HCl with the carbonate rock often limits the depth of live acid penetration. The reaction is mass transfer limited under typical reservoir conditions. As a result, the acid diffusion and convection rates significantly influence the success of the treatments. Microemulsions prepared with HCl as the dispersed phase offer a solution to significantly reduce the effective diffusivity and, hence, increase the depth of stimulation. This chapter presents the results of laboratory studies of carbonate dissolutions using acid microemulsions and highlights case histories of industry applications using macroemulsions for carbonate reservoir stimulation.

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Section: Industry Applications: Carbonate Acidizingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microemulsion Applications in Carbonate Reservoir Stimulation

Fredd¹,

Hoefner²,

Fogler³

2017

Properties and Uses of Microemulsions

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Hydraulic Fracturing as a Development Strategy - Successful Case Histories from the Congo Basin: A Matter of Technology and Risk Attitude

Perfetto

Tealdi

2013

All Days

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Testing novel technologies, developing abandoned reservoirs and rejuvenating mature fields require top-notch technical preparation and fit for purpose risk exposure attitude. Even in case of the commercial availability of the right technology at the right time, studying a technological pilot and actually executing it highly depends on the risk exposure attitude of the management which plays a crucial role. The history of Hydraulic Fracturing activity in Congo goes up to 2007; with the background of producers with very low or nil performance and the high costs of fracking offshore for the first time in the country, the risk of investment and technological failure was elevated. At the time of the first pilot test in K-field offshore, the eni Congo management was not so interested in the immediate gains. The management was betting on eventual success of the technology, which would start a new era for the development of low permeability reservoirs in Congo and thus making a huge impact on the future of the company production and reserves. This papers describes the lessons learnt in 5 years of frac operations in Congo with over 130 diverse frac operations (performed on different reservoir of diverse permeability ranges, green to brown fields, onshore to offshore, conventional single stage to multistage fracturing, acid and proppant frac with water base and oil base frac fluids). This paper would also serve as potential reference for all Operations Managers who are willing to optimize their assets value by means of Hydraulic Fracturing but face difficulties in winning mental barriers towards novel technologies inside or outside their companies.

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Fracture Optimization Applying a Novel Traceable Proppant and a Refined Mechanical Earth Model in the Congo Onshore

Martocchia

Perfetto

Saldungaray³

2014

Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference

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Fracture stimulation has been adopted as an integral part of the completion in the "M" field given the results achieved in enhancing well productivity, as well as the positive impact realized on field development economics. The fracturing process has been optimized over the years through improved reservoir understanding and ensuing implementation of technologies to address the uncovered challenges. Changes to the fracturing fluid formulation to prevent damaging the water sensitive reservoir rock, as well as modified proppant schedules to mitigate proppant embedment are examples of this improvement process. This paper describes the successful ongoing process of optimizing hydraulic fracturing designs in "M" field. By applying an integrated approach combining various technologies, it was possible to better understand fracture propagation and coverage of the target reservoir. Implementation of a novel non-radioactive traceable proppant allowed accurate frac height measurement at the wellbore. When combined with rocks mechanics derived from sonic logs it led to redefining the mechanical earth model and ultimately the completion and fracturing strategy in the field. The process will be illustrated with examples from a 3-well campaign recently executed onshore Congo.

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Application of Different Stimulation Techniques, Multistage Proppant and Acid Fracturing Operations Offshore Congo

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Microemulsion Applications in Carbonate Reservoir Stimulation

Microemulsion Applications in Carbonate Reservoir Stimulation

Hydraulic Fracturing as a Development Strategy - Successful Case Histories from the Congo Basin: A Matter of Technology and Risk Attitude

Fracture Optimization Applying a Novel Traceable Proppant and a Refined Mechanical Earth Model in the Congo Onshore

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