Application of Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Followed by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis to Determine Tetrabromobisphenol A in Complex Matrices

Abstract

An accurate and sensitive ultrasound-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique followed by highperformance liquid chromatography separation coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry detection method to determine the presence of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in complex environmental matrices is proposed. The miniaturized procedure was used to extract and quantify the analyte in domestic sewage, anaerobic sludge, and the aquatic test organism species Daphnia magna and Chironomus sancticaroli, which are standardized organisms for ecotoxicity bioassays. Limits of detection of 2 ng L −1 (domestic sewage), 2 ng g −1 (anaerobic sludge), 0.25 ng g −1 (D. magna), and 5 ng g −1 (C. tentans) were obtained. The presence of TBBPA was determined in domestic sewage and anaerobic sludge from an anaerobic batch bioreactor at a concentration of 0.2 ± 0.03 μg L −1 and 507 ± 79 ng g −1 , respectively. In D. magna and C. sancticaroli exposed to TBBPA in an acute toxicity bioassay, the micropollutant accumulated at 3.74 and 8.87 μg g −1 , respectively. The proposed method is a simple and cost-effective tool to determine TBBPA environmental occurrence and biomagnification potential compared with conventional extraction methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first liquid-liquid miniaturized extraction method to be applied to D. magna and C. sancticaroli.

A Review on Tetrabromobisphenol A: Human Biomonitoring, Toxicity, Detection and Treatment in the Environment

“…The developed method had a good recovery rate (88.9%) [ 142 ]. HPLC-MS/MS coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was employed to detect TBBPA in complex environmental samples, the limit of detection obtained in anaerobic sludge was 2 ng/g [ 143 ]. MC-LLME was utilized to analyze TBBPA and bisphenol A (BPA) in water samples with no dispersants [ 144 ].…”

Proteogenomics Identification of Tbbpa Degraders in Anaerobic Bioreactor

“…Tandem mass spectrometric analysis was performed using a 5500 QTRAP hybrid mass spectrometer (ABSciex) equipped with a TurboV™ ion source, operated in the negative electrospray mode (ESI-). Details on the sample preparation, extraction procedure, analytical conditions, and ESI-MS parameters have been described elsewhere (Macêdo et al, 2020). Samples were collected, filtered in combi syringe filters with a coarse glass fiber prefilter and a small-pore membrane as the main filter (polytetrafluoroethylene) (1.0/0.20 μm), and analysed on the same day.…”

Determination of the timing of slaughter of sheep after the use of the drug MONIZEN® forte

“…The preparation of solutions of the standard sample of praziquantel for the construction of the calibration graph was done according to the following procedure. Stock solution: on an analytical balance, about 0.1 g (exact weighed) of a standard sample of praziquantel was weighed on an analytical balance, the weighed portion was transferred into a 100 ml volumetric flask, 50 ml of the mobile phase was added, thoroughly mixed until complete dissolution, after which the volume the solution was brought to the mark with the mobile phase [10]. The resulting solution had a concentration of 1000 μg praziquantel / ml.…”

“…The HPLC-FLD method was used to determine ivermectin in organs and tissues [10]. The method for the determination of ivermectin in organs and tissues is based on homogenization of organ and tissue samples, selective extraction from homogenates with ethyl acetate, derivatization, isocratic elution using a Luna C18 (2) chromatographic column (100 Å, 5 µm) and fluorescence detection at λex.…”