Application of environmetrics statistical models and water quality index for groundwater quality characterization of alluvial aquifer of Nalagarh Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

Herojeet, Rajkumar; Rishi, Madhuri S.; Lata, Renu; Sharma, Ranjna

doi:10.1007/s40899-015-0039-y

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The groundwater samples falling in Mg-HCO 3 facies having secondary salinity exceeds 50 % indicates the factors responsible for controlling groundwater chemistry are reverse ion exchange, leaching process of dolomites, limestones and gypsum. The samples that fall in Ca-Mg-SO 4 -Cl water type demonstrate Ca-Mg-Cl facies where groundwater cannot be characterized either as cation or anion dominant (Herojeet et al 2016). The relative hardness of water is attributed to the presence of cations such as calcium and magnesium and anions such as bicarbonate and chlorides.…”

Section: Hydrochemical Facies Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

2016

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Deterioration of groundwater quality due to anthropogenic activities is increasing at an alarming rate in most parts of the Punjab, but limited work has been carried out on groundwater quality and monitoring. This paper highlights the groundwater quality and compares its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose in Malwa region, a southwestern part of Punjab. The Malwa region makes up the most cultivated area of Punjab with high consumption of pesticides and fertilizers. Twenty-four water samples representing groundwater sources were collected and analyzed for almost all major cations, anions and other physicochemical parameters. Analytical results of physicochemical analysis showed majority of the samples above the permissible limits of the Indian standards. The groundwater of the study area was very hard and the relative abundance of major cations and anions was Na ? [ Ca 2? [ Mg 2? [ K ? and HCO 3 -[ SO 4 2-[ Cl -. Fluoride content was higher than permissible limit in 75 % of the samples. The mean concentration of arsenic in groundwater was 9.37 and 11.01lg/L during summer and winter season, respectively. The parameters like sodium adsorption ratio and sodium percentage (Na%) revealed good quality of groundwater for irrigation purposes, whereas magnesium ratio and corrosivity ratio values showed that water is not suitable for agriculture and domestic use. The dominant hydrochemical facies of groundwater was Ca-Mg-HCO 3 and Ca-Mg-SO 4 -Cl. Chloro alkaline indices 1 and 2 indicated that reverse ion exchange is dominant in the region. The samples fall in rock dominance and evaporation dominance fields as indicated by Gibbs diagram. The saturation index shows that all the water samples were supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals. This work thus concludes that groundwater in the study area is chemically unsuitable for domestic and agricultural uses. It is recommended to carry out a continuous water quality monitoring program and development of effective management practices for utilization of water resources.

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Section: Hydrochemical Facies Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

2016

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“…Principal components (PC's) corresponding to absolute loading values of [0.75 (marked bold in the table) and additionally second level of interpretation (bold plus italics) are taken into consideration as statistically significant in the interpretation by PCA. Four PCs were extracted by varimax rotation methods (Singh et al 2004(Singh et al , 2005Herojeet et al 2016) which explains about 81.2 and 83.6% of the total variance, respectively, for pre and post monsoon seasons.…”

Section: Pollution Source Identification Of Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SO 4 2-ions associated with higher concentration of Na ? may cause laxative and gastric disorder (Herojeet et al 2015a(Herojeet et al , 2016. Moreover, moderate BOD score indicates natural water quality and least intervention from human activities.…”

Section: Pollution Source Identification Of Surface Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water chemistry is controlled by various hidden factors related to natural and anthropogenic influences that is difficult to understand and unable to interpret meaningful information (Zhao et al 2012;Isah et al 2013;Ismail et al 2014;Sum and Gui 2015;Herojeet et al 2016). Such limitations can be overcome by the application of multivariate statistical approach (Singh et al 2014;Hamid et al 2016;Herojeet et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such limitations can be overcome by the application of multivariate statistical approach (Singh et al 2014;Hamid et al 2016;Herojeet et al 2016). The application of different multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) helps in the interpretation of complex data matrices for better understanding of water quality and its ecological status and allows the identification of possible factors that influence drainage watershed (Vega et al 1998;Lee et al 2001;Adams et al 2001;Wunderlin et al 2001;Reghunath et al 2002;Simeonov et al 2003Simeonov et al , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality characterization and pollution source identification of surface water using multivariate statistical techniques, Nalagarh Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

Herojeet¹,

Rishi

Lata

et al. 2017

Appl Water Sci

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Sirsa River flows through the central part of the Nalagarh valley, belongs to the rapid industrial belt of Baddi, Barotiwala and Nalagarh (BBN). The appraisal of surface water quality to ascertain its utility in such ecologically sensitive areas is need of the hour. The present study envisages the application of multivariate analysis, water utility class and conventional graphical representation to reveal the hidden factor responsible for deterioration of water quality and determine the hydrochemical facies and its evolution processes of water types in Nalagarh valley, India. The quality assessment is made by estimating pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, major ions (Na ? and K ? ions for pre monsoon and EC during pre and post monsoon at few sites and approx 40% samples of BOD and TC for both seasons exceeds the permissible limits indicate organic contamination from human activities. Water quality classification for designated use indicates that maximum surface water samples are not suitable for drinking water source without conventional treatment. The result of piper trillinear and Chadha's diagram classified majority of surface water samples for both seasons fall in the fields of Ca 2? -Mg 2? -HCO 3 -water type indicating temporary hardness. PCA and CA reveal that the surface water chemistry is influenced by natural factors such as weathering of minerals, ion exchange processes and anthropogenic factors. Thus, the present paper illustrates the importance of multivariate techniques for reliable quality characterization of surface water quality to develop effective pollution reduction strategies and maintain a fine balance between the industrialization and ecological integrity.,

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Water quality assessment using synchrotron‐based TXRF

Garg

Tanta

Srivastav

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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The pollutants released from pharmaceutical, steel, paper, and battery industries into water cause stress on the natural ecosystems, may mix with soil and water, enter into human food chain, and hence cause irreparable damage to the biotic system. Hence, the appropriate monitoring of water along with determination of heavy metals is very important for human beings. In present paper, total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry technique is employed to determine the level of different contaminants in the water samples gathered from the various sites of an identified industrial area. Experimentation is carried out at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore‐India by using TXRF, which is one the advance techniques of element determination up to ppb levels. The elemental concentration of Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Br, Sr, As, Pb, and Ni is quantified and compared with the limits established by the WHO (World Health Organization) and BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) guidelines regarding drinking water use. The levels of the Pb, Fe, As, Ni, Cr, Co, and Mn exceeded the values suggested by WHO and BIS at some locations/sites. To better understand the situation, water quality parameters such as Water Quality Index (WQI), Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI), Contamination Index (CI), Metal Enrichment Index (MEI), and Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) have also been assessed for all the sites close to industrial hub. Among all sites except at A3 and A6, WQI is found to be much greater than WHO and BIS established limit. Level of arsenic in the water at A1 location was found 73 ppb. However, lead metal in water was found to be very high at all the six studied locations, and at A1 location, it is found extremely high 2613 ppb. Therefore, water at A1 and A2 sites is found to be unfit for drinking. Practitioner Points Total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry technique is employed to determine the level of different contaminants in the water samples The elemental concentration of Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Br, Sr, As, Pb, and Ni is quantified and compared with the limits prescribed by the WHO Water Quality Index (WQI), Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI), Contamination Index (CI), Metal Enrichment Index (MEI), and Heavy Metal Enrichment Index (MEI) have also been assessed for all the sites Water at some sites is found unfit for drinking purpose. Based on the observations, some remedial measures are suggested to reduce the level of water contaminants up to desired levels.

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Application of environmetrics statistical models and water quality index for groundwater quality characterization of alluvial aquifer of Nalagarh Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

Quality characterization and pollution source identification of surface water using multivariate statistical techniques, Nalagarh Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

Water quality assessment using synchrotron‐based TXRF

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