Application of Experimental Design Methodologies in the Enantioseparation of Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis: A Review

Hancu, Gabriel; Orlandini, Serena; Papp, Lajos Attila; Modroiu, Adriana; Gotti, Roberto; Furlanetto, Sandra

doi:10.3390/molecules26154681

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…This separation technique presents a series of advantages such as a fast method development, short analysis time, low consumption of analytes and reagents and, when compared to LC, a lower use of organic solvents, being considered a "greener" technique. Moreover, for chiral separation, CE provides a high separation efficiency, a wide variety and flexibility of chiral selectors as well as a lower consumption of them [138].…”

Section: Capillary Electrophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioresolution and Binding Affinity Studies on Human Serum Albumin: Recent Applications and Trends

et al. 2021

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The interaction between proteins and drugs or other bioactive compounds has been widely explored over the past years. Several methods for analysis of this phenomenon have been developed and improved. Nowadays, increasing attention is paid to innovative methods, such as high performance affinity liquid chromatography (HPALC) and affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), taking into account various advantages. Moreover, the development of separation methods for the analysis and resolution of chiral drugs has been an area of ongoing interest in analytical and medicinal chemistry research. In addition to bioaffinity binding studies, both HPALC and ACE al-low one to perform other type of analyses, namely, displacement studies and enantioseparation of racemic or enantiomeric mixtures. Actually, proteins used as chiral selectors in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have unique enantioselective properties demonstrating suitability for the enantioseparation of a large variety of chiral drugs or other bioactive compounds. This review is mainly focused in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods using human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant plasma protein, as chiral selector for binding affinity analysis and enantioresolution of drugs. For both analytical purposes, updated examples are presented to highlight recent applications and current trends.

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Section: Capillary Electrophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioresolution and Binding Affinity Studies on Human Serum Albumin: Recent Applications and Trends

et al. 2021

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“…Capillary electrophoresis (CE) counts as a complementary technique to HPLC and represents a powerful alternative for separation of enantiomers by means of simple method development and low sample and electrolyte consumption combined with inexpensive UV detection. In this field, previous work has already shown the potential of cyclodextrins as chiral additives in CE [19][20][21]. This chiral selector class comprises 6 (α-), 7 (β-) or 8 (γ-cyclodextrin) cyclic glycopyranose units forming a truncated cone.…”

Section: Figure 1 Cathinone Crystals and Tablets Offered In An Online Shopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on enantioseparation of New Psychoactive Substances using cyclodextrin-assisted capillary electrophoresis with UV detection

Hubner

Steinkellner

Schmid

2022

J Pharm Biopharm Res

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New psychoactive substances (NPS) count as psychoactive substances, which are slightly modified compared to illicit drugs regarding their chemical structure to circumvent law. Compared to classical drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or amphetamine, they show similar psychoactive effects, however, because of their novelty there is few knowledge about their side effects or toxicity. NPS are available as different chemical substance classes, among them chiral novel derivatives of amphetamine, cathinone, and ketamine. Since in most cases no clinical studies are available about the possibly different effects of the two enantiomers, there is a big demand for enantioseparation method development. Besides high-performance separation techniques such as gas chromatography or HPLC, capillary electrophoresis has turned out to be a powerful alternative for chiral separation development. The addition of chiral additives such as cyclodextrins to the background electrolyte often results in successful attempts. The present study compares the chiral separation power of different previously used non-charged ß-cyclodextrins, among them native ß-cyclodextrin as well as some of its derivatives such as acetyl-, and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, with the negatively charged derivatives carboxymethyl-, carboxyethyl- and succinyl-β-cyclodextrin by capillary zone electrophoresis. A total of 136 chiral NPS were investigated with these cyclodextrins, 122 of them were resolved in their enantiomers successfully by means of a simple electrolyte composition consisting of 10 mM aqueous sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 2.5 and 10 mM of the chiral selector. Furthermore, the presented method turned out to be useful to distinguish between positional isomers and examples for both enantiomer order and positional order for seized samples are given.

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“…Sensitivity analysis was performed based on the aforementioned 27 experiments to determine the design variables that affect the output variables [24]. Figure 5 shows that the torque ripple of the objective function is the most affected by the barrier length (X3).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for e-Mobility Using Metamodels

Kim

You

2022

Applied Sciences

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Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with rectangular coils in hairpin windings exhibit improved fill factor and reduced end turn of the coils, which in turn improve the efficiency and power density of PMSMs, making them ideal for e-mobility applications. Herein, the shape of a PMSM was optimized for torque ripple reduction using metamodels to improve the noise and vibrational performance of the motor. The objective function of the optimal design aimed to minimize the torque ripple, and the average torque and efficiency were set as constraints. The notch width and depth and barrier length were selected as the design variables to satisfy the objective function and constraints. Using the optimal Latin hypercube design technique, 27 experimental points were selected, and a finite element analysis (FEA) was performed for each point. Furthermore, a function approximation was performed using six metamodels, and the best metamodel was selected using the root mean square error test. Moreover, the optimization was performed by combining the best metamodels for each variable with a sequential two-point diagonal quadratic approximation optimization algorithm. The torque ripple was improved by approximately 1.63% compared with the initial model, whereas the constraint values remained constant. Finally, an FEA was performed on the optimal point, and the FEA results matched with those of the optimal method.

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Application of Experimental Design Methodologies in the Enantioseparation of Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis: A Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 111 publications

Enantioresolution and Binding Affinity Studies on Human Serum Albumin: Recent Applications and Trends

Enantioresolution and Binding Affinity Studies on Human Serum Albumin: Recent Applications and Trends

Comparative studies on enantioseparation of New Psychoactive Substances using cyclodextrin-assisted capillary electrophoresis with UV detection

Optimization of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for e-Mobility Using Metamodels

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