Application of Eye Tracking for Measurement and Evaluation in Human Factors Studies in Control Room Modernization

Abstract

An important element of human factors engineering (HFE) pertains to measurement and evaluation (M&E). The role of HFE-M&E should be integrated throughout the entire control room modernization (CRM) process and be used for human-system performance evaluation and diagnostic purposes with resolving potential human engineering deficiencies (HEDs) and other human machine interface (HMI) design issues. NUREG-0711 describes how HFE in CRM should employ a hierarchical set of measures, particularly during integrated system validation (ISV), including plant performance, personnel task performance, situation awareness, cognitive workload, and anthropometric/ physiological factors. Historically, subjective measures have been primarily used since they are easier to collect and do not require specialized equipment. However, there are pitfalls with relying solely on subjective measures in M&E such that negatively impact reliability, sensitivity, and objectivity. As part of comprehensively capturing a diverse set of measures that strengthen findings and inferences made of the benefits from emerging technologies like advanced displays, this paper discusses the value of using eye tracking as an objective method that can be used in M&E. A brief description of eye tracking technology and relevant eye tracking measures is provided. Additionally, technical considerations and the unique challenges with using eye tracking in full-scaled simulations are addressed. Finally, this paper shares preliminary findings regarding the use of a wearable eye tracking system in a full-scale simulator study. These findings should help guide future full-scale simulator studies using eye tracking as a methodology to evaluate human-system performance.

Validation of a Maritime Usability Study with Eye Tracking Data

“…All participants were familiar with the GUI in the pre mid-life update, since it had been in use for several years. The importance of familiarization and experience is supported by earlier studies with eye tracking, and the findings in this study indicates the importance of both experience and familiarity with new software and design as factors (53)(54)(55). It also indicates an important finding concerning operational use after post mid-life updates, which indicates that the low level of experience and low level of familiarization with new software decreases the visual attention towards AOI Outside.…”

Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Aviation, Maritime, and Construction Industries: A Systematic Review

“…Such devices usually have an additional scene camera that records the scene or field of view [ 135 ]. Mobile eye tracking devices are worn by the participant in the form of a headband, glasses, or a helmet-mounted system, allowing the participant to move freely in the experimental environment, as shown in Figure 7 a–c [ 136 ]. Mobile devices are mainly binocular and are usually more accurate than remote devices [ 135 ].…”

“…Mobile tracking devices do not have an absolute coordinate system, instead requiring gaze data to be recorded in a coordinate system defined by the scene camera [ 138 ]. Finally, data inaccuracy can be introduced if the mobile eye tracking device does not properly fit the individual’s face [ 136 ].…”

Relevance of Emotional Conflict and Gender Differences in the Cognitive Tasks of Digital Interface Layouts Using NIRS Technology

“…However, research on using digital interface layouts as a stimulus source is relatively lacking. At the same time, most emotional experimental technology methods basically focus on eye tracking [14], behavioral response, Event-Related Potential (ERP), Near-Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS) and other physiological measurement methods and subjective observation methods. For example, Chiang et al [15] used the perspective of subjective observation to test whether gender differences in emotional expression are stable in interpersonal relationships.…”