Application of factor analysis to study contamination of a semi-confined aquifer (Wielkopolska Buried Valley aquifer, Poland)

Dragon, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.05.032

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Two multivariate statistical methods were applied in this study using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 17.0) program: the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and the principal component analysis (PCA). The description of HCA and PCA techniques and the methodology used for their application in ground water composition have been detailed in previous studies (e.g., Stetzenbach et al 2001;Guler et al 2002;Guler and Thyne 2004;Dragon 2006;Helstrup et al 2007;Papatheodorou et al 2007; Van den Brink et al 2007;Cloutier et al 2008;Yidana 2010;Monjerezi et al 2011;Zghibi et al 2014;Dragon and Gorski 2015). In this study, the parameters involved in the statistics include major constituents Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , HCO 3…”

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have demonstrated that the application of factor analysis (FA) and PCA in regional hydrogeochemical research is a reliable method for differentiation of natural and anthropogenic processes affecting ground water chemistry (Guler and Thyne 2004;Dragon 2006;Cloutier et al 2008;Huang et al 2013;Dragon andGorski 2009, 2015). As demonstrated previously, component 1 is defined as salinity by highly positive loadings in TDS and most parts of major ions (Fig.…”

Section: Identification Of Natural (Geogenic) and Anthropogenic Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Zhu

Wang

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Understanding the source and recharge of ground waters is of great significance to our knowledge in hydrological cycles in arid environments over the world. Northern Xinjiang in northwestern China is a significant repository of information relating to the hydrological evolution and climatic changes in central Asia. In this study, two multivariate statistical techniques, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were used to assess the ground water recharge and its governing factors, with the principal idea of exploring the above techniques to utilize all available hydrogeochemical variables in the quality assessment, which are not considered in the conventional techniques like Stiff and Piper diagrams. Q-mode HCA and R-mode PCA were combined to partition the water samples into seven major water clusters (C1-C7) and three principal components (PC1-PC3, PC1 salinity, PC2 hydroclimate, PC3 contaminant). The water samples C1 + C4 were classified as recharge area waters (Ca-HCO 3 water), C2 + C3 as transitional zone waters (Ca-Mg-HCO 3 -SO 4 water), and C5 + C6 + C7 as discharge area waters (Na-SO 4 water). Based on the Q-mode PCA scores, three groups of geochemical processes influencing recharge regimes were identified: geogenic (i.e., caused by natural geochemical processes), geomorphoclimatic (caused by topography and climate), and anthropogenic (caused by ground water contamination). It is proposed that differences in recharge mechanism and ground water evolution, and possible bedrock composition difference, are responsible for the chemical genesis of these waters. These will continue to influence the geochemistry of the northern Xinjiang drainage system for a long time due to its steady tectonics and arid climate. This study proved that the chemistry differentiation of ground water can effectively support the identification of ground water recharge and evolution patterns.

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Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Natural (Geogenic) and Anthropogenic Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Zhu

Wang

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Factor 3 with high positive loadings on Fe and Mn is defined as ''geogenic pollution'' factor. Factor 5 with high positive loading on NO 3 -and a moderate loading on SO 4 2-is recognized as ''anthropogenic pollution'' factor, which is usually identified in the urban-, industry-, and agriculture-intensive areas due to the domestic wastewater discharge and agricultural activities (Dragon 2006;Lambrakis et al 2004). The appearance of both NO 3 -and SO 4 2-in factor 5 implies the same sources for these two elements N and S. Major sources of NO 3 -come from fertilizer (chemical fertilizer and manure) and have been identified by Cao et al (2012) by applying nitrogen isotope tracing tools.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multivariate analysis, such as factor analysis (FA), discriminant analysis (DA) and cluster analysis (CA), aiming to interpret the governing processes through data reduction and classification, are recognized as powerful tools to deal with the increasing number of hydrochemical parameters. They have been effectively and widely applied to assessment of surface water quality (Panda et al 2006;Shrestha and Kazama 2007;Yidana et al 2008Yidana et al , 2010, evaluation of the hydrogeochemical characteristic of groundwater (Cloutier et al 2008;Papatheodorou et al 2007;Yidana et al 2010) and identification of groundwater contaminations (Dragon 2006;Kim et al 2009;Zhou et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the hydrochemical characteristics of rivers and groundwater by multivariate statistical analysis in the Sanjiang Plain, China

et al. 2014

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Two multivariate statistical technologies, factor analysis (FA) and discriminant analysis (DA), are applied to study the river and groundwater hydrochemistry and its controlling processes in the Sanjiang Plain of the northeast China. Factor analysis identifies five factors which account for 79.65 % of the total variance in the dataset. Four factors bearing specific meanings as the river and groundwater hydrochemistry controlling processes are divided into two groups, the ''natural hydrochemistry evolution'' group and the ''pollution'' group. The ''natural hydrochemistry evolution'' group includes the salinity factor (factor 1) caused by rock weathering and the residence time factor (factor 2) reflecting the groundwater traveling time. The ''pollution'' group represents the groundwater quality deterioration due to geogenic pollution caused by elevated Fe and Mn (factor 3) and elevated nitrate (NO 3 -) introduced by human activities such as agriculture exploitations (factor 5). The hydrochemical difference and hydraulic connection among rivers (surface water, SW), shallow groundwater (SG) and deep groundwater (DG) group are evaluated by the factor scores obtained from FA and DA (Fisher's method). It is showed that the river water is characterized as low salinity and slight pollution, and the shallow groundwater has the highest salinity and severe pollution. The SW is well separated from SG and DG by Fisher's discriminant function, but the SG and DG can not be well separated showing their hydrochemical similarities, and emphasize hydraulic connections between SG and DG.

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“…The sampling survey performed in 2000 consists of 61 sampling sites (Dragon 2006;2008). In the 2009 sampling program, water samples were taken from 41 wells from among 61 wells sampled in 2000.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changes of groundwater chemistry of semi-confined buried valley aquifer during one decade of water exploitation

Dragon

2011

Environ Earth Sci

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This article presents the analysis of the temporal changes in water chemistry in a semi-confined aquifer (Wielkopolska Buried Valley aquifer, Poland) during one decade of water exploitation. It is shown that the groundwater contamination, as documented in a previous work, still persists and has lead to steady groundwater quality deterioration. The most intensive changes in water chemistry due to contamination are observed in the regions recognized earlier as the most vulnerable parts of the aquifer. The influence of contamination is effective despite implementation of groundwater protection activities. The travails of groundwater quality protection of the confined or semi-confined aquifers were accented.

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Application of factor analysis to study contamination of a semi-confined aquifer (Wielkopolska Buried Valley aquifer, Poland)

Cited by 69 publications

References 14 publications

Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Identifying the hydrochemical characteristics of rivers and groundwater by multivariate statistical analysis in the Sanjiang Plain, China

The changes of groundwater chemistry of semi-confined buried valley aquifer during one decade of water exploitation

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