Application of Fly Ash in Heterogeneous Fenton Reaction on the Degradation of Indigo Carmine Dye

Abstract

Indigo carmine is a blue synthetic dye widely used in textile industry, as a food additive, in pharmaceutical industries, and as pH indicator. The use of this dye can leave to contamination of waste water and environment, damaging aquatic fauna and flora. An alternative for the treatment of water contaminated by dyes would be the degradation through oxidative processes. In this work, the indigo carmine degradation through a heterogeneous Fenton process using fly ash, an industrial waste, as Fe(II) source, was evaluated.. The dye final concentration was quantified by ultraviolet/visible light absorption spectroscopy. The optimal reaction conditions were determined using factorial design. The results showed that fly ash is able to remove approximately 42 % of the indigo carmine dye from solution without any pre-treatment.

Alamandine: Potential Protective Effects in SARS-CoV-2 Patients

“…increases the expression of antioxidants in the ventricles of rats that have suffered ischemia-reperfusion injuries [55]. The administration of alamandine heightened the expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in ventricles affected by ischemia and reperfusion [56]. Furthermore, the expression of caspase-9, Bax, and caspase-3 in ischemia and reperfusion ventricles was also decreased by alamandine.…”

“…Alamandine-HPβCD (30 μg/kg/day, by gavage for 14 days) also lowers the effects of some proinflammatory factors (e.g., TNF-α and IL-1α) brought on by aortic constriction in mice [56]. An animal model of sepsis triggered by polysaccharides in the plasma and tissues of mice indicated increased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TNF-α.…”