Application of hydride generation - microwave plasma - atomic emission spectrometry and partial least squares regression for the determination of antimony directly in water and in PET after alkaline methanolysis

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…One by Magana-Maldonado et al used an alkaline methanolysis of PET samples and then determined the Sb extracted using hydride generation introduction to a microwave plasma-optical emission spectroscopy instrument . 114 The extraction process was discussed in detail and involved adding methanol, 5% potassium hydroxide, 0.5% sodium methoxide and a small amount of calcium carbide to approximately 10 mg of PET. This was then heated at 60 °C for 24 hours, cooled, 500 μL of water added, mixed, 200 μL of 8 M HCl added, centrifuged, the supernatant washed with 3 × 1 mL of 1 M hydrochloric acid, the washings combined and diluted to 25 mL using 1 M hydrochloric acid containing 10% methanol.…”

Antimony in Polyethylene Terephthalate-Bottled Beverages: The Migration Puzzle

“…Although these values are significantly high, the Sb concentrations in the corresponding bottled water samples are within the recommended values for drinking water. All the studies cited concluded that the presence of Sb in the bottled water was due to its migration from PET, as water obtained from a fresh source or bore or stored in plastic of other types, such as polypropylene (PP), low-density and high-density polyethylene (LDPE, HDPE), polystyrene (PS), or polycarbonate (PC), did not suffer from Sb contamination [8,9,[17][18][19].…”

“…Antimony migration studies from PET into food products can provide useful information about the potential risk associated with its presence under different storage conditions. Several physicochemical factors, such as storage time, temperature, light irradiation, PET color, and matrix characteristics (e.g., pH and salt content), can influence Sb migration from PET containers to water samples [8][9][10][11]13,15,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, there is a wide variability in the effects of these factors on Sb migration [3], and the predominant role of the PET type or the water matrix is not clear [3,26,27].…”