Application of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in periodontal tissue regeneration

Abstract

Tissue engineering provides a new paradigm for periodontal tissue regeneration in which proper stem cells and effective cellular factors are very important. The objective of this study was, for the first time, to investigate the capabilities and advantages of periodontal tissue regeneration using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and enamel matrix derivatives (EMD). In this study the effect of EMD gel on iPS cells in vitro was first determined, and then tissue engineering technique was performed to repair periodontal defects in three groups: silk scaffold only; silk scaffold + EMD; and silk scaffold + EMD + iPS cells. EMD greatly enhanced the mRNA expression of Runx2 but inhibited the mRNA expression of OC and mineralization nodule formation in vitro. Transplantation of iPS cells showed higher expression levels of OC, Osx, and Runx2 genes, both 12 and 24 days postsurgery. At 24 days postsurgery in the iPS cell group, histological analysis showed much more new alveolar bone and cementum formation with regenerated periodontal ligament between them. The results showed the commitment role that EMD contributes in mesenchymal progenitors to early cells in the osteogenic lineage. iPS cells combined with EMD provide a valuable tool for periodontal tissue engineering, by promoting the formation of new cementum, alveolar bone, and normal periodontal ligament.

What is the clinical applicability of regenerative therapies in dentistry?

“…Similar results have been observed with the use of ASC even with the reconstruction of large mandibular defects 40 . Moreover, the use of stem cells from the dental pulp in synthetic scaffolds also obtained a positive result in The literature has presented several in vitro and in vivo studies reporting a variety of approaches for this type of regenerative technique [31][32] . Duan et al 32 , investigated the ability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) to repair periodontal defects in mice.…”

“…Moreover, the use of stem cells from the dental pulp in synthetic scaffolds also obtained a positive result in The literature has presented several in vitro and in vivo studies reporting a variety of approaches for this type of regenerative technique [31][32] . Duan et al 32 , investigated the ability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) to repair periodontal defects in mice. In this study, periodontal regeneration through iPSC and the consequent formation of alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament were observed.…”

The Scope of Stem Cells in Periodontal Regeneration

“…These stem cells have drawn considerable attention since they are very similar to embryonic stem cells, hence considerable potential in periodontal regeneration [85]. Duan, et al [86] has used these stem cells along with Emdogain in periodontal fenestration defect models resulting in the complete regeneration of the periodontium.…”

Concise Review: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Lineage Reprogramming: Prospects for Bone Regeneration

“…Importantly, the group identified a correlation between certain culture conditions and an accumulated teratoma formation in 12-to 20-week-old transplants, and despite multiple conditions tested, the group has not achieved consistent bone formation by hESC progeny. The in vivo bone formation by iPSCs was equally demonstrated [80]. The authors investigated the capabilities of human iPSCs for periodontal tissue regeneration in nude mice.…”