Application of Ionic Liquids in Hydrometallurgy

Park, Jesik; Jung, Yeojin; Kusumah, Priyandi; Lee, Jin Young; Kwon, Kyungjung; Lee, Churl Kyoung

doi:10.3390/ijms150915320

Cited by 132 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Russian researchers also applied the solvometallurgical methods to recover metals from complex silica-rich ores (e.g., eudialyte), urban waste, and pellets of nuclear fuel [16][17][18][19]. In recent years, there has been progress in the use of ionic liquids and deep-eutectic solvents in metallurgical processes, ranging from leaching, to solvent extraction, and the electrodeposition of metals [20][21][22][23]. The term ''ionometallurgy'' was coined for metallurgical processes involving the ionic solvents [24], but ionic-liquid processes are solvometallurgical as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy

Binnemans

Jones

2017

J. Sustain. Metall.

234

187

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This position paper introduces the reader to the concept of solvometallurgy, the term used to describe the extraction of metals from ores, industrial process residues, production scrap, and urban waste using non-aqueous solutions. Here, non-aqueous is not used to imply anhydrous, but rather a low water content. The unit operations are as follows: solvent leaching; separation of the residue; purification of the leach solution by non-aqueous solvent extraction or non-aqueous ion exchange; and metal recovery by precipitation or electrolysis in non-aqueous electrolytes. Solvometallurgy is similar to hydrometallurgy in that both the branches of extractive metallurgy use lowtemperature processes, but with solvometallurgy, there is no discrete water phase. Both branches use organic or inorganic solvents (excluding water in the case of solvometallurgy). However, for solvometallurgical processes to be sustainable, they must be based on green solvents, which means that all toxic or environmentally harmful solvents must be avoided. Solvometallurgy is complementary to pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, but this new approach offers several advantages. First, the consumption of water is very limited, and so the generation of wastewater can be avoided. Second, the leaching and solvent extraction can be combined to form a single step, resulting in more simplified process flow sheets. Third, solvent leaching is often more selective than leaching with acidic aqueous solutions, leading to reduced acid consumption and fewer purification steps. Fourth, solvometallurgy is useful for the treatment of ores rich in soluble silica (e.g., eudialyte) because no silica gel is formed. In short, solvometallurgy is in a position to help develop the near-zero-waste metallurgical processes, and with levels of energy consumption that are much lower than those with the high-temperature processes. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of this emerging branch of extractive metallurgy is still low (TRL = 3-4), which is a disadvantage for short-term implementation, but offers a great opportunity for further research, development, and innovation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy

Binnemans

Jones

2017

J. Sustain. Metall.

234

187

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Among several approaches, ionic liquid chelate extraction using Brønsted acidic chelators as extraction reagents 20,21 is interesting because a change in the aqueousphase pH results in changing the extraction performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Equilibria of Amphoteric 8-Quinolinol between 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and Aqueous Phases and Their Effect on Ionic Liquid Chelate Extraction Behavior of Iron(III)

2017

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The distribution behavior of amphoteric 8-quinolinol (HQ) between ionic liquid (IL) phase and aqueous phase and ionic liquid chelate extraction behavior of iron(III) with HQ were investigated using four 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (CnmimTf2N, n = 2, 4, 6 and 8) ILs. Not only neutral HQ but also cationic H2Q + were distributed into the IL phase, and the latter distribution based on cation-exchange with Cnmim + was pronounced in the use of IL having a less-hydrophobic cation, such as C2mim + . In the IL chelate extraction of iron(III), the extractability increased with the increase in the hydrophobicity of IL as the extraction phase. Nevertheless, the determined equilibrium constants for the extraction as the neutral complex FeQ3 were similar to one another. The difference in the extractability among the ILs was due to the difference in the distribution of H2Q + into the extraction phase. In addition, the cationic coordinatively-unsaturated complex FeQ2+ was also extracted in use of less-hydrophobic C2mimTf2N.

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“…Ancak, bu tip çözücüler su kirliliği, toprak kirliliği gibi çevresel etkilerin yanında uçucu bileşenleri yoluyla insan sağlığı üzerine de olumsuz etkiler oluşturmaktadır (Norgate et al 2007). Öte yandan düşük buhar basıncı, elektrokimyasal kararlılık, tutuşmazlık, çözücülük ve termal kararlılık gibi birçok üstün özelliğe sahip "green solvent" olarak adlandırılan iyonik sıvılar araştırmacılar tarafından çeşitli cevher ve atıklardan metal kazanımı üzerine denenmeye başlanmış ve ilgi çekici sonuçlar elde edilmiştir (Tian et al 2010;Park et al 2014 …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The Effect of EmimHSO4 (1-Ethyl-3-Methyl-İmidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate) on Copper Recovery from Anode Slime

Rüşen¹,

Topçu²

2017

AKU-J. Sci. Eng.

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ÖzetBu çalışmada, Türkiye'de ikincil atıklardan üretim yapan bir firmadan tedarik edilen ve %23.1 Cu, %20.5 Sn ve %15.4 Pb temel kimyasal kompozisyonuna sahip anot çamurundan bakır geri kazanımı için çevreye duyarlı yeni bir çözücü olan 1-etil-3-metil-imidazolyum hidrojen sülfat (EmimHSO 4 ) iyonik sıvısı kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalarda, bakır geri kazanımını etkileyen iyonik sıvı konsantrasyonu, sıcaklık, süre ve katı/sıvı oranı parametreleri incelenerek bakır için optimum geri kazanım koşulları Taguchi metodu ile belirlenmiştir. Varyans analizi yöntemi (ANOVA) kullanılarak optimum koşullar altında, bakır geri kazanımı için en etkili parametreler belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bakır kazanımı için optimum koşullar; iyonik sıvı konsantrasyonu: %60, sıcaklık: 95 o C, süre: 2 saat ve katı/sıvı oranı: 1/20 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bakır kazanımı için en etkili parametrelerin sırasıyla, reaksiyon süresi, sıcaklık, katı/sıvı oranı ve iyonik sıvı konsantrasyonu olduğu belirlenmiştir. The Effect of EmimHSO AbstractIn this present study, a new solvent called 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulphate (EmimHSO 4 ) was used for recovery of copper from anode slime. Sample whose compounds are mainly of 23.1% Cu, 20.5 %Sn and 15.4% Pb was provided from a copper refining plant making production from secondary grade wastes in Turkey. The optimum metal recovery conditions for copper including ionic liquid concentration, temperature, time and solid/liquid ratio which affect the leaching efficiency were investigated in the experiments were detected by Taguchi method. Also, the most effective parameters under the optimum conditions for copper metal recovery were determined by analysis of variance method (ANOVA). According to the experimental results, optimum conditions for copper recovery were found as for ionic liquid concentration; 60%, for temperature; 95 o C, for time; 2 hours and for solid/liquid ratio; 1/20. The most effective parameters determined as leaching duration, temperature, pulp density (solid/liquid ratio) and ionic liquid concentration, respectively.

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Application of Ionic Liquids in Hydrometallurgy

Cited by 132 publications

References 132 publications

Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy

Solvometallurgy: An Emerging Branch of Extractive Metallurgy

Distribution Equilibria of Amphoteric 8-Quinolinol between 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and Aqueous Phases and Their Effect on Ionic Liquid Chelate Extraction Behavior of Iron(III)

The Effect of EmimHSO4 (1-Ethyl-3-Methyl-İmidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate) on Copper Recovery from Anode Slime

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