Application of likelihood ratios for firearm and toolmark analysis

Bunch, Stephen G.; Wevers, G.

doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2012.12.005

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This has caused failure in the respective systems, leading to several accidents, significant loss of life, and diminished safety of property. (1) Criminals often use wire cutters, cable cutters, pliers, and other large cutting tools to sever cables. Toolmarks, which are scratches on the surface of the body, could be caused by the pressure of the line-shaped deformation; these toolmarks, in the form of broken ends on the surface, are frequently found at the scene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airport Cable-cutting Toolmark Rapid Tracing Based on Single-point Laser Sensing

Pan¹,

Li²,

Pan³

et al. 2019

Sensors and Materials

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Because current image and 3D scanning file processing technologies are difficult to use in comparing cable-cutting toolmarks effectively, an airport cable-cutting toolmark rapid-tracing matching algorithm based on single-point laser sensing is presented. The proposed algorithm applies a boxplot to the linear toolmark signals picked by a laser displacement sensor to perform an abnormal data correction. Then, a rotation angle adaptive correction is performed to unify the matching data. Furthermore, in multimatching strategies based on a threshold sequence, the difference in variance is used to perform the similarity matching of toolmark features. Finally, a correct determination of the corresponding tools is rapidly achieved. The practicality and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified by experiments using actual mark inference cable-cutting tools.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airport Cable-cutting Toolmark Rapid Tracing Based on Single-point Laser Sensing

Pan¹,

Li²,

Pan³

et al. 2019

Sensors and Materials

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show abstract

“…There are also a large number of navigation lights and communication optical cables around various airports. (1) The inner conductors of many cables are made of copper or other precious metals, a coveted target for criminals owing to their high economic value. This has caused the failure of the above-mentioned systems, leading to several accidents, significant loss of lives, and diminished property safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Shearing Section Trace Matching Technology Based on Elastic Shape Metric and Deep Learning

Pan¹,

Liu²,

Pan³

et al. 2019

Sensors and Materials

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“…Various forensic materials, including handwriting, biometric data, fingerprint, elemental glass profiles, and footwear impressions have reported the use of a simplified approach to evaluate the weight of the evidence using score-based likelihood ratios [52,53,55]. These methods use similarities or differences observed between samples.…”

Section: Performance Rates and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ratio above one supports the same source hypothesis while a ratio below one supports the alternative, different source hypothesis. The greater or smaller the number -on a relative scale -the stronger the support to a particular hypothesis [52].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Just As an additional method to evaluate the score criteria method, a likelihood ratio (LR) is a statistical test used for the comparison of the goodness of fit of two models, one typically named as the null hypothesis (H1) and the other one named the alternative hypothesis (H2). In forensic science, likelihood ratios are used to represent the ratio of the probability of the evidence (E) given two alternative hypotheses and can be used as a means to quantify the strength of a conclusion [52]. A LR is a ratio of the probabilities of observing certain evidence under two competing hypotheses, H1 and H2, often associated with the prosecution and defense, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessing the reliability of physical end matching and chemical comparison of pressure sensitive tapes

Prusinowski¹

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Assessing the reliability of physical end matching and chemical comparison of pressure sensitive tapes Meghan Prusinowski Pressure sensitive tapes are a common evidence type in a variety of forensic cases, including violent crimes, drug trafficking, and terrorism. Forensic laboratories are often requested to analyze tape samples for composition and potential source identification. Tape samples manufactured from different sources are often distinguishable when using a combination of sensitive analytical techniques. Nonetheless, the interpretation of the data remains challenging due to a lack of standard criteria and guidelines from which examiners can support their conclusions. As a result, there is a need to standardize the protocols of interpretation of physical and chemical comparisons of tape evidence. I would first like to thank my research advisor Dr. Tatiana Trejos, who has been a fantastic mentor. I have been so fortunate to work with her, and to have been offered so many opportunities I never would have imagined. I cannot begin to express how grateful I am to have worked with you, and how much I've enjoyed being a part of your research group over the last few years. I would also like to thank Dr. Jacqueline Speir and Andria Mehltretter for joining in my research committee. Your expertise and contributions have been invaluable as my project has evolved, and I have learned so much while working with you. I would also like to thank all of the students in my research group at West Virginia University, whom have assisted me so much throughout my research: Korina Menking-Hoggatt, Evie Brooks,

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Application of likelihood ratios for firearm and toolmark analysis

Cited by 30 publications

References 3 publications

Airport Cable-cutting Toolmark Rapid Tracing Based on Single-point Laser Sensing

Airport Cable-cutting Toolmark Rapid Tracing Based on Single-point Laser Sensing

A Study of the Shearing Section Trace Matching Technology Based on Elastic Shape Metric and Deep Learning

Assessing the reliability of physical end matching and chemical comparison of pressure sensitive tapes

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