Application of load frequency control method to a multi-microgrid with energy storage system

This article investigates a modelization of the energy management strategy of a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV), wind generator, and battery system. The model uses a smart metering system to collect data from various electrical components of a microgrid. The power optimization strategy is modeled under demand response, including time-of-use pricing to create a home's energy flow more efficiently. Two optimal control strategies are developed to coordinate

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“…Further, the battery should not be charged and discharged simultaneously. This constraint can be expressed as follows 40 :…”

Section: Constraints Of the Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an intelligent community microgrid energy management system based on optimal control schemes

Azaroual

Mbungu

Ouassaid

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…This two-area power system model is simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink by providing input in the form of predetermined parameter values. Some tests were carried out to obtain the lowest integral time square error (ITAE)-based performance index value [25]. Several scenarios have been formed, then each result from the scenario will be compared using ITAE.…”

Section: Design Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced virtual inertia control against wind power intermittency

Abdillah

Andi

Nugroho

et al. 2022

IJEECS

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Rapid industrial development requires more energy to support their manufacturing processes. Unfortunately, conventional energy was mostly utilized as a primary energy source which is unfriendly to nature and can damage the environment. Nowadays, the transformation from the use of conventional energy to renewable energy sources is increasingly being socialized throughout the world. However, the existence of renewable energy poses new challenges in the world of electricity systems where their effect is reducing the inertia (inertialess) value of conventional energy such as thermal generators. This condition causes frequency oscillations and leads to blackout the electricity system. To overcome this problem, this paper proposed advanced virtual inertia control (VIC) based on an superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) employed to accommodate the effects of the integration of renewable energy into the electric power system. SMES was choosen because it has a fast response and an efficiency rate of up to 90%. A two-area power system model was utilized to examine the proposed VIC model based on SMES. From the simulation results, VIC based on has succeeded in reducing frequency oscillations by compressing the system overshoot and reducing the settling time to steady-state.

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“…For the second challenge, many frequency control schemes have been proposed for the wind farm with ac collection grid [11–13, 16, 17]. These approaches include the droop control [11], virtual inertia control [12], and adaptive control [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To fill this gap, in [16], a model predictive control (MPC) scheme was proposed for the frequency control of OWF, with the aim of optimal frequency response while maximizing the wind farm power generation. Furthermore, an exceptional work is proposed in [17], in which MPC was used to control the energy storage system at any time to balance the multi‐microgrid integrated with wind farm. However, all the above approaches in [11–13, 16, 17] focused on wind farm with an ac collection grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an exceptional work is proposed in [17], in which MPC was used to control the energy storage system at any time to balance the multi‐microgrid integrated with wind farm. However, all the above approaches in [11–13, 16, 17] focused on wind farm with an ac collection grid. To the knowledge of the authors, in the context of all‐dc OWF frequency control, the only published work is [10], in which PID controllers were developed to regulate the power output of all‐dc OWF, thus improving the frequency peak and frequency nadir of the onshore ac grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed model predictive control of all‐dc offshore wind farm for short‐term frequency support

Zhang

Kou

Zhang

et al. 2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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From technical and economical viewpoints, an all-dc offshore wind farm (OWF) with a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) connection, which is also known as HVDCconnected all-dc OWF, is the future trend for offshore wind energy applications. However, due to the decoupling effect of power converters, all-dc OWF cannot directly provide short-term frequency support for the onshore ac gird, that is, primary frequency response and inertia support. To address this issue, this paper presents a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) scheme for all-dc OWF. By directly suppressing the voltage deviation and the rate of change of voltage of the offshore dc collection network, this scheme indirectly decreases the frequency deviation and the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) of the onshore ac grid. Meanwhile, the scheme ensures the stability of wind turbines in alldc OWF during the frequency events. Considering a large number of wind turbines in the OWF, the corresponding optimization problem is solved in a distributed way using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), thus reducing the computational burden. Simulations including the performance comparison with droop control validate the effectiveness of this scheme.

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Application of load frequency control method to a multi-microgrid with energy storage system

Cited by 63 publications

References 26 publications

Toward an intelligent community microgrid energy management system based on optimal control schemes

Toward an intelligent community microgrid energy management system based on optimal control schemes

Advanced virtual inertia control against wind power intermittency

Distributed model predictive control of all‐dc offshore wind farm for short‐term frequency support

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