Application of Octacalcium Phosphate with an Innovative Household‐scale Defluoridator Prototype and Behavioral Determinants of its Adoption in Rural Communities of the East African Rift Valley

Idini, Alfredo; Frau, Franco; Gutierrez, Luciano; Dore, Elisabetta; Nocella, Giuseppe; Ghiglieri, Giorgio

doi:10.1002/ieam.4262

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…At the same time, there are a lot of emerging applications in addition to the biomedical ones. For example, OCP has demonstrated a good capacity for the defluorization of water [19], which has previously been demonstrated for HA [20]. HA has also been applied as a catalyst and catalyst support [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Radiation-Induced Stable Radicals in Calcium Phosphates: Results of Multifrequency EPR, EDNMR, ESEEM, and ENDOR Studies

et al. 2021

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This article presents the results of a study of radiation-induced defects in various synthetic calcium phosphate (CP) powder materials (hydroxyapatite—HA and octacalcium phosphate—OCP) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at the X, Q, and W-bands (9, 34, 95 GHz for the microwave frequencies, respectively). Currently, CP materials are widely used in orthopedics and dentistry owing to their high biocompatibility and physico-chemical similarity with human hard tissue. It is shown that in addition to the classical EPR techniques, other experimental approaches such as ELDOR-detected NMR (EDNMR), electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM), and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) can be used to analyze the electron–nuclear interactions of CP powders. We demonstrated that the value and angular dependence of the quadrupole interaction for 14N nuclei of a nitrate radical can be determined by the EDNMR method at room temperature. The ESEEM technique has allowed for a rapid analysis of the nuclear environment and estimation of the structural positions of radiation-induced centers in various crystal matrices. ENDOR spectra can provide information about the distribution of the nitrate radicals in the OCP structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Radiation-Induced Stable Radicals in Calcium Phosphates: Results of Multifrequency EPR, EDNMR, ESEEM, and ENDOR Studies

et al. 2021

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“…The filter uses a fixed amount of sorbent for every defluoridation cycle and at the end of the process, a simple filter system removes the sorbent from the water. This process was also tested in situ and results showed that this new device can defluoride water with 22 mg/L of fluoride concentration well below the WHO suggested limit of 1.5 mg/L in 2 h (Idini et al, 2020). The functioning of this prototype was illustrated to focus group participants showing them Fig.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the New Defluoridatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of the new device shows that a single sorbent dose of 80g can purify 20 L of waters reducing the fluoride contamination below the acceptable drinkable threshold even if the initial concentration of fluoride reaches 21 mg/L. It can also decrease its contamination by about 50% for extreme richfluoride water, without negative effects on the overall water quality (Idini et al, 2019(Idini et al, , 2020. The filter uses a fixed amount of sorbent for every defluoridation cycle and at the end of the process, a simple filter system removes the sorbent from the water.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the New Defluoridatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights to promote safe drinking water behavioural changes in zones affected by fluorosis in the East-African Rift Valley

Nocella

Gutierrez

Akuno

et al. 2022

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

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“…The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates the fluoride-rich groundwaters as the main source of the excessive intake of fluorine by people, and the WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality (GDWQ) adopt a fluoride concentration of 1.5 mg/L as the permissible limit for human consumption ( Fawell et al., 2006 ). As reported in the literature ( Idini et al., 2019 , 2020 ), in the frame of the FLOWERED project ( www.floweredproject.org , Horizon2020 program funded by the European Commission) the use of OCP has been applied to uptake high dissolved fluoride from groundwater through the mineralogical transformation into FAp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical-geochemical study of the anionic competition effect on the octacalcium phosphate reaction into fluorapatite

Idini

Frau

2021

Heliyon

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The unstable compound octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is one of the crystalline precursors of the apatite mineral series composed by hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite. The feature of OCP to react into apatite, depending on the media conditions, has been mainly exploited for biomedical applications as bone and tooth substitute material. Recently, some important applications of OCP have been documented: e.g. as electrode material for supercapacitors and as fluoride remover reagent for environmental purposes. With the aim of deepening the property of OCP to be the crystalline precursor of apatite and assessing if and how the anionic competition can influence the formation of the different apatite end-members, the OCP → apatite reaction has been here investigated placing 0.223 mmol of OCP in 50 mL aqueous solution with 0.368 mmol of dissolved fluoride, chloride, hydroxyl and carbonate anions (fluoride alone, fluoride with each of the other anions, and all the anions together) at room temperature. The post-experiment analyses of solid and liquid phases, conducted by using XRD, ESEM and ICP-OES, show that fluoride is always the main anion removed from solution during the OCP transformation reaction. The precise mineralogical characterization of solid phases formed, performed using the Rietveld algorithm, shows that fluorapatite is always the main resulting apatitic phase, followed by hydroxyapatite. Taking into account the different application fields of OCP, these results could be significant in better defining the OCP → apatite reaction in aqueous solutions where different competing anions are involved.

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Application of Octacalcium Phosphate with an Innovative Household‐scale Defluoridator Prototype and Behavioral Determinants of its Adoption in Rural Communities of the East African Rift Valley

Abstract: This article is part of the special series "Improving Water Security in Africa." The work is the culmination of 7 Horizon 2020 projects focused on the environmental and social challenges of improving water security in African countries.

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Radiation-Induced Stable Radicals in Calcium Phosphates: Results of Multifrequency EPR, EDNMR, ESEEM, and ENDOR Studies

Radiation-Induced Stable Radicals in Calcium Phosphates: Results of Multifrequency EPR, EDNMR, ESEEM, and ENDOR Studies

Insights to promote safe drinking water behavioural changes in zones affected by fluorosis in the East-African Rift Valley

Mineralogical-geochemical study of the anionic competition effect on the octacalcium phosphate reaction into fluorapatite

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