Application of OECD LSE Framework to Assess Spatial Differences in Rural Green Development in the Arid Shaanxi Province, China

Abstract

The green development theory proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has promoted the harmonious development of the economy, society, and environment in many countries, in particular, it has provided a good option for the coordinative development of economic growth, resource utilization, and ecological protection in rural areas of developing countries. For this reason, we used the OECD model to measure green development in arid, rural areas of China, and also subjective and objective weighting methods to measure the rural green development level of 78 county-level regions in Shaanxi province in 2018. At the same time, the least square error (LSE) method was used to determine the contribution rate of government support, environmental pressure, resource endowment, and quality of life, so as to determine the influencing factors of rural green development in Shaanxi. The results show that the levels of rural green development in Shaanxi province differed internally: the level of green development in the north was strong, moderate in the southwest and northwest, and weak in the center and south. The driving types of rural green development in Shaanxi province are divided into five types: Three Factors I, Three Factors II, Four Factors I, Four Factors II, and Five Factors; the influencing factors of rural green development are varied from county to county. In terms of different regions, different development approaches and countermeasures are proposed respectively. This research provides scientific guidance for local government to formulate green agricultural development policies and to overcome the development difficulties in rural areas.

Variations in the Home Language Environment and Early Language Development in Rural China

“…Study counties clockwise from top: Suide, Heyang, Nanzheng, Chenggu, Mianxian. Source: Zhou et al [ 29 ]. Sample counties colored using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Inc., San Jose, CA, USA).…”

Application of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis to Rural Spatial Sustainability Evaluation: A Systematic Review

“…Secondly, a number of studies do not strictly distinguish the three categories of society, economy, and environment to construct a criteria system. One of the most common approaches is to combine social and economic criteria [ 78 , 89 , 95 , 116 , 144 , 149 , 160 ]. Finally, the evaluation steps of criteria are not single.…”

“…The number of studies using the comprehensive weight method combining subjective and objective weights is still insufficient. Zhou et al [ 78 ] used Entropy combined with Delphi and PCM to determine the rate of contribution of government support, environmental pressure, resource endowment, and quality of life to the spatial differences in rural eco-development in arid regions of China. In Urban–rural planning, scholars [ 114 , 119 ] combined Entropy with Delphi and AHP, and finally took the average of expert scores and entropy values as the weight of multiple factors affecting the quality or potential of sustainable development in villages and towns.…”

Assessing Sustainable Rural Development Based on Ecosystem Services Vulnerability

“…The most important issues regarding rural development by the OECD tended to discard the Environmental and sustainability group and selected all the other three dimensions as key groups to define rural development indicators [22]. This has, however, changed with the adoption of new concepts regarding rural development, such as the OECD Rural Policy 3.0 framework, and the use of indicators such as the Green Development index [27].…”