Application of Orem's theory‐based caring programs among chronically ill adults: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis

Abstract

Aim This study aimed to clarify the value of caring programs developed according to Orem's Self‐Care Deficit Nursing Theory regarding quality of life and self‐care as the primary outcomes and self‐efficacy, anxiety, depression, and stress as the secondary outcomes among individuals aged 18–70 years with chronic diseases. Background Chronically ill patients need to receive appropriate self‐care training, counseling, and support. In this regard, the use of caring programs developed based on theories is highly suggested. Orem's Nursing Theory is the most well‐known theory that provides a structure to involve patients in their self‐care activities. Introduction Orem's Nursing Theory has been increasingly applied to guide practice for patients with chronic health conditions. However, recent trials have reported conflicting findings on the value of its application. Methods Eight information sources (e.g., Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched up to 30 March 2022. Results A total of 46 studies and 11 study register entries were eligible. Orem's theory‐based interventions significantly improved the quality of life, self‐care, and self‐efficacy as well as significantly reduced anxiety and depression. However, the value of the interventions on stress was uncertain, as performing the meta‐analysis was not possible. Discussion Orem's Nursing Theory can help nurses in different fields to dynamically and carefully evaluate patients’ self‐care ability and implement appropriate nursing measures tailored to their needs, interests, and problems. Considering the inconsistent evidence to support the empirical adequacy of this theory, high‐quality reviews are essential. Conclusion Orem's theory‐based programs had a favorable effect on taking care of adults with chronic diseases. Implications This study augments the previous reviews related to the applicability of Orem's Nursing Theory. Considering the undesirable evidence quality and the high between‐study heterogeneity, further well‐designed trials are required to draw an evidence‐based conclusion.

Based on the relationship between anxiety of existential meaninglessness, hope level, and fear of progression, explored the effect of preoperative nursing with Orem theory in the senile cataract population

“…Nevertheless, the application of preoperative care guided by Orem's theory has proven effective in enhancing patient comprehension of preoperative care, alleviating preoperative fears, and mitigating apprehension about the disease. Research supports that interventions based on Orem's theory markedly improve life quality, self-care, and self-efficacy and significantly reduce anxiety and depression (Khademian et al, 2020;Tok Yildiz and Kaşikçi, 2020;Nasiri et al, 2023). This study, integrating relevant nursing interventions, further corroborates the clinical utility of the theory, significantly enhancing the quality of eye care and enriching patients' medical experiences, thereby bolstering public confidence in healthcare services.…”

Exploring self‐care practices and health beliefs among men in the context of emerging infectious diseases: Lessons from the Mpox pandemic in Brazil

“…Nurses can adopt strategies for men's self‐care, such as seeking accurate information and focusing on their emotional well‐being to cope with the negative impact of media and stigma. The scenario regarding Mpox is potentially emerging for nursing care, and these concepts also constitute knowledge that reinforces educational interventions and care provided by different actors in the health–disease process (Khademian et al, 2020; Nasiri et al, 2023; Orem et al, 2001).…”

The Effectiveness of Orem-Based Self-Care Education on Knowledge and Self-Care Behaviors among Patients with Heart Failure

“…Nursing professionals identify this deficiency by carefully evaluating each patient's requirement and then choosing the best nursing system to meet their needs-a fully compensatory system, a partially compensatory system, or a supportive and educational system. In the framework of a supportive educational system, the nurse's roles begin when the patient is ready to learn but needs assistance and direction to do so (Nasiri et al, 2023).…”