Application of response surface methodology for optimization of metal–organic framework based pipette-tip solid phase extraction of organic dyes from seawater and their determination with HPLC

Abstract

This paper describes the application of response surface methodology (RSM) to develop a miniaturized metal organic framework based pipette-tip solid phase extraction for the extraction of malachite green (MG), rhodamine B (RB), methyl orange (MO) and acid red 18 (AR) dyes from seawater samples and their determination by high performance liquid chromatography. The effects of various parameters such as pH of the sample solution, type and amount of added salt, type and volume of eluent solvent, concentration of surfactant (triton X-114), sample volume, and number of cycles of extraction and desorption were investigated and optimized by two methods of one-variable-at-a-time and RSM based on Box–Behnken design. Under optimum conditions, the linear range of the method was 0.5–200.0 µg/L for RB and MG and 1.0–150.0 µg/L for AR and MO. Limits of detection of the analytes were obtained in the range of 0.09–0.38 µg/L. Reproducibility of the method (as RSD %) was better than 6.4%. The method has been successfully used for analysis of four dyes in seawater of Chabahar Bay. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-019-0572-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Investigation and comparison of biological effects of regioselectively synthesized thiazole derivatives

“…Several common drugs with thiazole core such as tiazofurin and dasatinib are utilized in chemotherapy [29,30]. Accordingly, we synthesized thiazoles 5 and 7, and evaluated them on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.…”

Extraction of Metal Ions with Metal–Organic Frameworks

“…SBSE is an equilibrium technique, initially introduced by Baltussen et al In this technique, extraction of the analytes takes place onto the surface of a coated stir bar [72][73][74]. PT-SPE is a miniaturized form of SPE in which ordinary pipette tips act as the extracting column and small amount of sorbent is packed inside the tip [75,76]. Only a small range of SBSE and PT-SPE sorbents are commercially available, which limits the possible applications of those techniques.…”

“…Only a small range of SBSE and PT-SPE sorbents are commercially available, which limits the possible applications of those techniques. MOF materials have been successfully used as coatings for stir bars and as packed sorbents in pipette tips [72][73][74][75][76].…”

“…Other parameters that can be investigated are the stirring speed, salt addition, the use of ultrasonic radiation, etc., depending on the extraction procedure [74][75][76][77][78]. The optimization of the experimental parameters can be performed by evaluating one-factor-at-a-time or by performing Design of Experiments (DoE), such as Box-Behnken experimental design [79].…”

“…Finally, the effect of potentially interfering ions that naturally occur in the various sample matrices, the adsorption capacity of the MOF material, as well as the reusability of the sorbent should be also evaluated [74][75][76][77][78].…”