Application of Source-Sink Landscape Influence Values to Commuter Traffic: A Case Study of Xiamen Island

Abstract

Landscape patterns are closely related to ecological processes. Different spatial scales and research methods may lead to different results. Therefore, it is crucial to choose suitable research methods when studying different landscape patterns and ecological processes. In the present study, the methods of source-sink landscape theory were applied to the interactions between urban landscape characteristics and commuter traffic behavior around the arterial roads in Xiamen Island. After classification of land use types using remote sensing images from the IKONOS satellite and ArcGIS software (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA), the landscape patterns of areas surrounding arterial roads (within 1 km) were evaluated using source-sink landscape influence (SLI). The results showed that Xiamen Island's urban expressway had the highest SLI value (0.191), followed by the state highways (0.067), the provincial highways (0.030), and the county roads (0.025). When considering all road types, the correlation between a road's SLI value and its commuter traffic flow was 0.684. This result was explained by three observations: (1) The contribution of the core area of each landscape pattern to traffic flow was positively correlated with the traffic flow. (2) Areas surrounding the urban expressway and the state highways had lower values for Shannon's diversity index, indicating that these areas had a lower degree of landscape fragmentation. (3) The landscape patterns surrounding the urban expressway and the state highways were more concentrated and complex than those around other road types. The application of source-sink landscape pattern theory allows for researchers to integrate the relationships between landscape patterns surrounding roads and commuter traffic flow on those roads and to analyze the reasons for these relationships.

The Challenge of the Urban Compact Form: Three-Dimensional Index Construction and Urban Land Surface Temperature Impacts

“…The research area, Xiamen, is a coastal island city on the southeastern coast of China, which is known for good habitat and rapid urbanization (Figure 1) [43]. The urbanization rate in this city was only 64% in 1980 but quickly grew to 86% in 2007.…”

Study on the Spatial Pattern of Migration Population in Egypt and Its Flow Field Characteristics from the Perspective of “Source-Flow-Sink”

“…In terms of resource science, Wei Huang analyzed the grain source-sink system of prefecture level cities in China [57]; Wu X D analyzed the source-sink system of the world's arable land [58]; Wu X F analyzed the source and sink systems of world crude oil and coal supply chain [59,60]. In terms of transportation and tourism science, Wu Tong evaluated the landscape pattern of the area around Xiamen's main roads (within 1 km) based on the source-sink landscape influence [61]; Liu Yuliu conducted an identification analysis of the taxi traffic source-sink regions in Shanghai [62]; Qiushi Gu analyzed and mapped the source and sink of the regional tourist flow [63]. In terms of land use science, Felzer Benjamin S. analyzed the source-sink patterns of land use and land cover changes in the United States since 1700 [64]; Qin Menglin analyzed changes in the spatial structure of carbon sources and carbon sinks in the urban fringe [65].…”