Application of Stray Magnetic Field for Monitoring the Wear Degree in Steel Components of the Lift Guide Rail System

Lonkwic, P.; Krakowski, Tomasz; Ruta, Hubert

doi:10.3390/met10081008

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The laboratory tests and observations proved metrological eff ectiveness of the adopted method and validated the developed prototype functionality in laboratory conditions. At the same time, the conclusions from previously conducted numerical tests described in the article [2] were confi rmed and the hypothesis was proven. Moreover, an important aspect of the conducted research is that the proposed methodology and measurement method is a pioneering solution and the guide rails were not submitted to any other tests to determine their technical condition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Based on the adopted hypothesis and the selected design assumptions described in the utility model protected by industrial property rights, a numerical experiment was carried out, as described in detail by the authors in the article [2]. The authors developed a CAD model consisting of a guide rail with a local defect and the magnetic circuit of the measuring head.…”

Section: Measuring Head Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The head design and diagnostic methodology proposed by the authors provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the technical condition of hybrid ropes. In the publication [2], the authors described the use of numerical analyses of magnetic field distributions for qualitative assessment of the lift guide rail wear. The main purpose was to demonstrate the possibility of using the permanent magnetic field and the scattering field to effectively locate the places of damage in steel guide rails, as well as to verify the possibility of conducting the quantitative assessment related to the evaluation of a degree of wear of guide rails with regard to the service life of passenger lifts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction and Verification for Metrological Properties of the Prototype Magnetic Head for Nondestructive Testing of Lift Guide Rail Wear under Test Conditions

Krakowski¹,

Ruta²,

Lonkwic³

et al. 2022

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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The working surface of lift guide rails during operation is exposed to the destructive action of catchers under emergency braking conditions. In most cases, this surface is lubricated with grease, which makes it impossible to visually assess their local wear. The comfort of cabin movement on guide rails and thus the feelings of cabin occupants depend on the condition of guide rails. Therefore, the verification of lift guide rails wear under real conditions (in situ) is quite cumbersome. In order to assess them on a monthly basis, they would have to be completely cleaned and the excessively worn areas would have to be measured with universal measuring tools and re-lubricated. Such activities would only be a waste of time and lubricant. Therefore, the concept of a magnetic head was developed to assess the technical condition of lift guide rails. The head, which uses permanent magnets, makes it possible to measure the dispersed magnetic field of the guide rail cross-section. The areas of excessive wear show changes in this field, so it is possible to identify these areas without a need to remove lubricant from their surface. This paper presents both the detailed design of a developed head and the preliminary results of measurements using it. As the lift guide rails can have different dimensions depending on the lifting capacity, the developed head was equipped with inserts having the dimensions compatible with the guiding part width, thus enabling measurements that can be taken on different types of guide rails. The developed head and methodology allow measurements to be made without the need for disassembly, i.e. under in situ conditions. The results obtained in the laboratory have shown that the head concept and the measurement methodology are suitable for measurements in situ and perfectly fill the gap in this field of mechanical engineering.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Measuring Head Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction and Verification for Metrological Properties of the Prototype Magnetic Head for Nondestructive Testing of Lift Guide Rail Wear under Test Conditions

Krakowski¹,

Ruta²,

Lonkwic³

et al. 2022

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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“…In [11][12][13][14][15][16], studies are presented that revealed that vibration during the elevator emergency braking process directly affects the performance of the elevator traction system, thus affecting the safety, reliability, and comfort of passengers. In [17], results are presented that demonstrate that the vertical vibrations of the elevator traction system are maximized during the braking operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Control System Applied to Vibration Level Control in High-Speed Elevators

Gonçalves

Balthazar

Oliveira

et al. 2022

IJRCS

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This work presents an active control system applied to vibration level reduction in high-performance vertical transport, aiming at improving the passengers’ comfort in high-speed elevators. The control system design includes the use of a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control. Three strategies were proposed in order to achieve a 90% reduction in the vibration amplitudes: (I) the consecutive reduction of 90% of the displacements, (II) the consecutive reduction of 90% of the velocity, and (III) the consecutive reduction of 90% of the acceleration. The presentation of these three proposals allows their application for the use of different sensors. The performance of each strategy was evaluated through mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of a vertical transport with 4 degrees of freedom, submitted to excitations arising from rail deformations. Vibration and comfort levels in the cabin were numerically analyzed, taking into account ISO 2631 and BS 6841 standards for elevator lateral acceleration level and comfort level felt by passengers. Numerical simulations showed that the force required to reduce the vibration levels is practically the same for the three proposed strategies. However, strategy (III) – the successive reduction of 90% of acceleration – proved to be more efficient at improving passengers’ comfort level when compared to the other two strategies.

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“…Recalling the studies that would be more coincident with those described in this article, it is required to mention the previously published studies of the authors. Lonkwic et al [9], using their previous experience in the magnetic diagnostics of ropes and T-T straps and the design of heads for these applications, and based on the similarity of physical issues, described the possibility of applying the magnetic method to diagnose the lift guide rails. Similarly, as for the T-T straps, it is necessary to properly magnetise the structure under test, where the magnetic field is disturbed in the area of discontinuities on the working surface from the guide rails.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Magnetic Flux Leakage to Diagnose Damage to a Lift Guide Rails System with Reference to the Sustainability Aspect

Lonkwic,

Krakowski,

Ruta

2024

Sustainability

Self Cite

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The scientific objective of the conducted experimental research was to find an answer as to whether the application of magnetic flux leakage would be an effective tool for assessing the technical condition of lift guide rails in which the loss of thickness of the guide part is damage resulting from the brake whose operation destructively affects the surface shown. In particular, the scientific objective was to investigate the potential of this method in the context of quantitative assessment of the degree of damage featuring small increments in depth at the level of tenths of a millimetre. The conducted research was also aimed at determining the correlation of the effect of damage type with the nature of the signal recorded. The article presents the results of our own research, obtained from experiments on the use of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) to diagnose damage occurring on lift guide rails. During operation, lift guide rails are exposed to contact with the friction elements of brakes, resulting in the violation of their surfaces. Damage to the working surfaces of guide rails increases the vibration of the device, noise and wear of other components of the lift, such as guide rails. Currently, diagnostics of lift guide rails are not carried out, and their replacement depends on their technical condition. However, from an economic point of view, there are situations wherein their condition allows their use without their replacement with new ones. This was the main factor that guided the authors; we used a diagnostic head of our own design for the tests. The obtained measurement results showed that magnetic flux leakage can be used with great success to diagnose damage to guide rails. The results obtained in the laboratory shall be further developed in the form of research on correlating the signals obtained from magnetic sensors and the size of the damage, which shall eventually allow for a final quantitative assessment of guide rails regarding their technical condition. The conducted research fits into the scope of sustainable development by reducing the need for the consumption of electric energy and the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere in the overall production balance. This will be made possible by implementing the developed head in industrial practice in the context of assessing the need to replace guide rails with new ones. The economic and environmental efficiency that is the basis of sustainable development in the context of lifts can be achieved at the modernisation stage by repeated (further) use of as many components as possible. An example of this is the guide rail system, the reuse of which is possible after a prior assessment of its wear and tear.

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Application of Stray Magnetic Field for Monitoring the Wear Degree in Steel Components of the Lift Guide Rail System

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Construction and Verification for Metrological Properties of the Prototype Magnetic Head for Nondestructive Testing of Lift Guide Rail Wear under Test Conditions

Construction and Verification for Metrological Properties of the Prototype Magnetic Head for Nondestructive Testing of Lift Guide Rail Wear under Test Conditions

Active Control System Applied to Vibration Level Control in High-Speed Elevators

Use of Magnetic Flux Leakage to Diagnose Damage to a Lift Guide Rails System with Reference to the Sustainability Aspect

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