Application of the Scanning Electron Microscope to the Study of the Fine Distribution of the Blood Vessels

Murakami, Takuro

doi:10.1679/aohc1950.32.445

Cited by 427 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A thorough injection into veins is not suited for casting a whole blood vascular bed, since it causes ruptures in capillaries (MURAKAMI et al, 1983). A combination of different, adequate casting methods, both complete and partial, thus allows a precise analysis of the fine vascular connections and arrangement of an organ (MURAKAMI, 1971;MURAKAMI et al, 1983MURAKAMI et al, , 1987. This paper demonstrates findings by scanning electron microscopy of such cast specimens, especially those reproduced by complete and incomplete arterial injections.…”

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confidence: 81%

“…Thorough injection of low viscosity casting media into arteries (complete arterial injection) reproduces the whole extent of blood vascular beds, including thick venous portions (MURAKAMI, 1971;MURAKAMI et al, 1973). Small amounts of injection of the media into arteries (incomplete arterial injection) partially reproduce the vascular beds; the capillary-venular or venular system remains unfilled (MURAKAMI et al, 1983;1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Incomplete Vascular Casting for a Scanning Electron Microscope Study of the Microcirculatory Patterns in the Rat Pancreas.

Miyake

Murakami

Ohtsuka

1992

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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Summary. Scanning electron microscopy of resin casts prepared by incomplete arterial injections showed that in the rat pancreas, the casting medium fills blood capillaries in the endocrine islets more promptly than those in the exocrine lobules and secretory ducts. Furthermore, the exocrine lobules containing endocrine islets allowed a more rapid resin flow through the insulo-acinar portal route than those lobules lacking an islet. The secretory ducts were the last portions to be filled with resin. Since the resin medium used in this study was as viscous as blood and injected under a physiological pressure, the microcirculatory modes demonstrated by the present method suggest the physiological flow of blood in the rat pancreas.

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confidence: 81%

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confidence: 99%

Incomplete Vascular Casting for a Scanning Electron Microscope Study of the Microcirculatory Patterns in the Rat Pancreas.

Miyake

Murakami

Ohtsuka

1992

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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“…Thus, -CT images lack the entire capillary bed and pre-and postcapillary vasa vasorum (Kwon et al, 1998;Gössl et al, 2003). In contrast, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts (Murakami, 1971;Lametschwandtner et al, 1984;Aharinejad and Lametschwandtner, 1992) has a sufficiently high power of resolution to visualize the entire vasa vasorum circulatory bed from the feeding arterial stem vessels throughout the capillaries to the draining venous vasa vasorum. The great depth of focus of the SEM, and the possibility to take stereopaired images for subsequent 3D morphometry (Malkusch et al, 1995;Minnich et al, 1999Minnich et al, , 2002, enables the measurement of parameters in the casted vasa vasorum required to calculate flow and pressure gradients within the vascular network.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, SEM of vascular corrosion casts (Murakami, 1971) in combination with 3D morphometry (Minnich et al, 1999) provides detailed qualitative insights into the 3D arrangement of the vasa vasorum, as well as quantitative data on vasa diameters, intervascular and interbranching distances, and branching angles. From these data, it is possible to calculate branching indexes of arterial, capillary, and venular bifurcations (mergings).…”

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Three‐dimensional arrangement of the vasa vasorum in explanted segments of the aged human great saphenous vein: Scanning electron microscopy and three‐dimensional morphometry of vascular corrosion casts

et al. 2004

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The vasa vasorum of skeletonized and nonskeletonized segments of five human great saphenous veins (GSVs), harvested during coronary bypass grafting, were cannulated, rinsed, and injected (casted) with the polymerizing resin Mercox-Cl-2B. After removal of the dry vascular tissue, the casts were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Stereopaired images (tilt angle, 6°) were taken, imported into a 3D morphometry system, and the 3D architecture of the vasa vasorum (arterial and venous vasa as well as capillaries) was studied qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of vasa diameters, intervascular and interbranching distances, and branching angles. Diameters of parent (d 0 ) and large (d 1 ) and small (d 2 ) daughter vessels of arterial and venous bifurcations served to calculate asymmetry ratios (␣) and area ratios (␤). Additionally, deviations of bifurcations and branching angles from optimal branches were calculated for selected arterial vasa. The arrangement of the vasa vasorum closely followed the longitudinally oriented connective tissue fibers in the adventitia and the circularly arranged smooth muscle cell layers within the outer layers of the media. Venous vasa by far outnumbered arterial vasa. Vasa vasorum changed their course several times in acute angles and revealed numerous circular constrictions, kinks, and outpouchings. Due to their spatial arrangement, the vasa vasorum are prone to tolerate vessel wall distension generated by acute increases in blood pressure or stretching of the vessel without severe impact on vessel functions. Preliminary comparisons of data from the bifurcations of cast arterial vasa vasorum, with calculated optimal bifurcations, do not yet give clear insights into the optimality principle(s) governing the design of arterial vasa vasorum bifurcations of the human GSVs.

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“…Here, we use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts (VCCs) (Murakami, 1971;Aharinejad and Lametschwandtner, 1992;Motta et al, 1992) and correlative light microscopy of paraplast-embedded stained tracheal tissue sections to demonstrate and correlate tracheal microscopic anatomy and intrinsic tracheal microangioarchitecture with particular emphasis on the relations between subepithelial capillary bed and underlying tracheal cartilages. Furthermore, we address the question, if tracheal microvascular patterns are in favor of a respiratory function of this portion of the respiratory tract in a permanently aquatic living anuran.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Microvascular Anatomy of the Trachea in Adult Xenopus laevis Daudin (Lissamphibia; Anura): Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Corrosion Casts and Correlative Light Microscopy

Tangphokhanon

Lametschwandtner

2012

The Anatomical Record

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Studies on the amphibian respiratory tract microvascular anatomy are few and contradictory. Using scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts, correlative light microscopy of paraplast-embedded Goldnerstained serial tissue sections, and three-dimensional morphometry, we studied the topographic microvascular anatomy in the trachea of the adult South African Clawed Toad, Xenopus laevis Daudin. Histomorphology showed that the cartilaginous portion of the trachea contained irregularly shaped hyaline cartilage plates in its cranial and caudal portions and C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings in the middle portion. Tracheal cartilages formed large continuous plates on the ventral circumference, numerous small discontinuous plates on the dorsal circumference, and large vertical plates on the caudolateral circumference. The muscular portion of the trachea consisted of bands of smooth muscle that joined the free ends of cartilage plates. The supply of the trachea was via pulmonal artery-tracheobronchial trunk artery-tracheobronchial artery-tracheal artery. The subepithelial capillary network consisted of rectangular meshes which are in the area of the tracheal cartilages located between the cartilages and the respiratory epithelium. Small tracheal veins merged into a single tracheal vein that emptied into the pulmonary vein. Because of its dense subepithelial capillary network and its drainage into the pulmonal vein, the trachea could actively take part in respiration.

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Application of the Scanning Electron Microscope to the Study of the Fine Distribution of the Blood Vessels

Cited by 427 publications

References 8 publications

Incomplete Vascular Casting for a Scanning Electron Microscope Study of the Microcirculatory Patterns in the Rat Pancreas.

Incomplete Vascular Casting for a Scanning Electron Microscope Study of the Microcirculatory Patterns in the Rat Pancreas.

Three‐dimensional arrangement of the vasa vasorum in explanted segments of the aged human great saphenous vein: Scanning electron microscopy and three‐dimensional morphometry of vascular corrosion casts

The Microvascular Anatomy of the Trachea in Adult Xenopus laevis Daudin (Lissamphibia; Anura): Scanning Electron Microscopy of Vascular Corrosion Casts and Correlative Light Microscopy

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