Application of Three‐dimensional Scanning, Haptic Modeling, and Printing Technologies for Restoring Damaged Artifacts

Jo, Young Hoon; Hong, Seokmoo

doi:10.12654/jcs.2019.35.1.08

“…Moreover, the separately retained stone fragments were all used for the restoration. A digital virtual restoration of the missing parts was performed using the original-based symmetry modeling [45]. For the partial area in the head where symmetrization was difficult owing to damage to more than half of its part, restoration was performed through historical research and verification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, 3D printing has been employed in a wide area, including the establishment of restoration planning, supplementing the lost area, replication, and exhibition. Because of the availability of a wide variety of printing materials, 3D printing is used for the actual restoration of damaged artifacts [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncontact restoration of missing parts of stone Buddha statue based on three-dimensional virtual modeling and assembly simulation

Jo

¹

,

Hong

²

,

Jo

³

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Three-dimensional (3D) digital technology is an essential conservation method that complements the traditional restoration technique of cultural artifacts. In this study, 3D scanning, virtual restoration modeling, and 3D printing were used as a noncontact approach for restoring a damaged stone-seated Bodhisattva (stone Buddha statue). First, a 3D model with an average point density of 0.2 mm was created by integrating the fixed high-precision scanning of the exterior and the handheld mid-precision scanning of the interior excavated hole. Using a 3D deterioration map of the stone Buddha statue, the area of the missing parts was measured to be 400.1 cm2 (5.5% of the total area). Moreover, 257.1 cm2 (64.2% of the missing part area) of four parts, including the head, surrounding area of the Baekho, right ear, and right eye, for which symmetry was applicable for modeling or there could be ascertainable historical evidence for the total missing parts, was selected for restoration. The virtual restoration of the missing parts of the stone Buddha statue was performed using a haptic modeling system in the following order. First, the location of the three fragments detached from the head was determined. Next, a reference model was selected, and its symmetrization and modification with respect to the original model were conducted. Further, estimation modeling and outer shape description were achieved through historical research and consultation with experts. The heuristic-based assembly suitability of the created virtual restoration model (461 cm3) was verified by design mockup printing and digital–analog simulation. In particular, to address assembly interference, the interface surface was modified and reprocessed several times. Accordingly, the volume of the final design mockup decreased by 5.2% (437 cm3). Photopolymerization 3D printing technology was used for the actual restoration of the stone Buddha statue, and considering the surface roughness, the layer thickness of the material used for restoration was set at 0.10 mm. Finally, the surface of the printed output was colored to prevent yellowing and joined to the missing parts of the stone Buddha statue. This study presents a remarkable case of shifting from the traditional manual-contact method to the contactless digital method for restoring artifacts and is expected to largely contribute to increasing the usability of digital technologies in the restoration of cultural artifacts.

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“…Moreover, the separately retained stone fragments were all used for the restoration. A digital virtual restoration of the missing parts was performed using the original-based symmetry modeling [45]. For the partial area in the head where symmetrization was di cult owing to damage to more than half of its part, restoration was performed through historical research and veri cation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-contact restoration of missing parts of stone Buddha statue based on three-dimensional virtual modeling and assembly simulation

Jo

¹

,

Hong

²

,

Jo

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three-dimensional (3D) digital technology is one of the most essential conservation methods that complements the traditional technique of the restoration of cultural artifacts. In this study, 3D scanning, virtual restoration modeling, and 3D printing were used as a non-contact approach for the restoration of a damaged stone seated Bodhisattva (stone Buddha statue). First, a three-dimensional model with an average point density of 0.2 mm was created by integrating the fixed high-precision scanning of the exterior and the handheld mid-precision scanning of the interior excavated hole. Through a 3D deterioration map of the stone Buddha statue, the area of the missing parts was measured as 400.1 cm 2 (5.5% of the total area). Moreover, 257.1 cm 2 (64.2% of the missing part area) of four parts such as the head, the surrounding area of the Baekho, the right ear, and the right eye, for which symmetry was applicable for modeling or there could be ascertainable historical evidence for the total missing parts, was selected for restoration. The virtual restoration of the missing parts of the stone Buddha statue was performed using a haptic modeling system in the following order. First, the location of the three fragments detached from the head was determined. Next, the reference model was selected, and its symmetrization and modification with respect to the original were conducted. Also, estimation modeling and outer shape description were performed through historical research and consultation with experts. The created virtual-restoration model’s (461 cm 3 ) heuristic-based assembly suitability was verified by design mock-up printing and digital–analog simulation. In particular, to address the assembly interference, the interface surface was modified and reprocessed several times. Accordingly, the final design mock-up’s volume size was decreased by 5.2% (437 cm 3 ). Photopolymerization 3D printing technology was used for the actual restoration of the stone Buddha statue and the layer thickness of the material used was set as 0.10 mm considering the surface roughness. Finally, the surface of the printed output was colored to prevent yellowing and joined to the missing part of the stone Buddha statue. This study presents a great case to shift from the traditional manual-contact method to the contactless digital method for the restoration of artifacts and is expected to largely contribute to increasing the usability of digital technologies in the restoration of cultural artifacts.

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“…In particular, a user can feel a force feedback similar to that experienced in actually carving a virtual object because the system uses a voxel engine to create a model. This system is mainly used in the medical eld, design, car industry, exhibition technology, and restoration of cultural artifacts [33,[36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Virtual Restoration Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of a wide variety of printing materials, it is used for the actual restoration of damaged artifacts [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-contact restoration of missing parts of stone Buddha statue based on three-dimensional virtual modeling and assembly simulation

Jo

¹

,

Hong

²

,

Jo

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three-dimensional (3D) digital technology is one of the most essential conservation methods that complements the traditional technique of the restoration of cultural artifacts. In this study, 3D scanning, virtual restoration modeling, and 3D printing were used as a non-contact approach for the restoration of a damaged stone seated Bodhisattva (stone Buddha statue). First, a three-dimensional model with an average point density of 0.2 mm was created by integrating the fixed high-precision scanning of the exterior and the handheld mid-precision scanning of the interior excavated hole. Through a 3D deterioration map of the stone Buddha statue, the area of the missing parts was measured as 400.1 cm 2 (5.5% of the total area). Moreover, 257.1 cm 2 (64.2% of the missing part area) of four parts such as the head, the surrounding area of the Baekho, the right ear, and the right eye, for which symmetry was applicable for modeling or there could be ascertainable historical evidence for the total missing parts, was selected for restoration. The virtual restoration of the missing parts of the stone Buddha statue was performed using a haptic modeling system in the following order. First, the location of the three fragments detached from the head was determined. Next, the reference model was selected, and its symmetrization and modification with respect to the original were conducted. Also, estimation modeling and outer shape description were performed through historical research and consultation with experts. The created virtual-restoration model’s (461 cm 3 ) heuristic-based assembly suitability was verified by design mock-up printing and digital–analog simulation. In particular, to address the assembly interference, the interface surface was modified and reprocessed several times. Accordingly, the final design mock-up’s volume size was decreased by 5.2% (437 cm 3 ). Photopolymerization 3D printing technology was used for the actual restoration of the stone Buddha statue and the layer thickness of the material used was set as 0.10 mm considering the surface roughness. Finally, the surface of the printed output was colored to prevent yellowing and joined to the missing part of the stone Buddha statue. This study presents a great case to shift from the traditional manual-contact method to the contactless digital method for the restoration of artifacts and is expected to largely contribute to increasing the usability of digital technologies in the restoration of cultural artifacts.

show abstract

Application of Three‐dimensional Scanning, Haptic Modeling, and Printing Technologies for Restoring Damaged Artifacts

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Noncontact restoration of missing parts of stone Buddha statue based on three-dimensional virtual modeling and assembly simulation

Noncontact restoration of missing parts of stone Buddha statue based on three-dimensional virtual modeling and assembly simulation

Non-contact restoration of missing parts of stone Buddha statue based on three-dimensional virtual modeling and assembly simulation

Non-contact restoration of missing parts of stone Buddha statue based on three-dimensional virtual modeling and assembly simulation

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