Application of titanium nanoparticles containing natural compounds in cutaneous wound healing

Abstract

The aim of the study was the rapid green synthesis of titanium nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves (TiNPs@FV) and exploring their antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antifungal, antibacterial, and cutaneous wound healing activities under in vitro and in vivo condition. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV‐Vis, Fourier transform‐infrared(FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction XRD), field emission‐scanning electron microscopy FE‐SEM), and transmission electron microscopy TEM) analyses. The synthesized TiNPs@FV had great cell viability on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and indicted this method was nontoxic. DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for F. vulgaris, TiNPs@FV, and butylated hydroxytoluene. All data of antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing tests were analyzed by SPSS 22 software. In the antimicrobial part of this study, TiNPs@FV indicated higher antifungal and antibacterial effects than all standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration of TiNPs@FV against all fungi were at 2–4 mg/mL and 2‐8 mg/mL ranges, respectively. But, MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration of TiNPs@FV against all bacteria were at 2‐8 mg/mL and 2‐16 mg/mL ranges, respectively. In the part of cutaneous wound healing, use of TiNPs@FV ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.01) raised the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, hexosamine, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte compared to other groups in rats. The results of FT‐IR, UV‐Vis, XRD, TEM, and FE‐SEM confirm that the aqueous extract of F. vulgaris leaves can be used to yield titanium nanoparticles with a notable amount of remedial effects.

Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties and Biomedical Applications

“…Besides, the antioxidant nanoparticles can be used to eliminate toxic substances in the blood and treat acute myeloid leukemia. [34] Previous studies have suggested that peptides and proteins could be used to synthesize gold nanoparticles. [35] Chen et al proposed that gelatin could also be a suitable biomaterial by mixing gelatin with protein to make the polyionic complex (PIC) hydrogel network.…”

“…This antioxidant compound has the ability to reduce gold ions into gold nanoparticles. Besides, the antioxidant nanoparticles can be used to eliminate toxic substances in the blood and treat acute myeloid leukemia [34] . Previous studies have suggested that peptides and proteins could be used to synthesize gold nanoparticles [35] .…”

Gold nanocrystals: optical properties, fine-tuning of the shape, and biomedical applications

“…Although the chemical synthesis methods described above are effective, many of them suffer from some drawbacks such as high temperature, harsh reaction conditions, long reaction times, the use of toxic and aggressive chemicals as reducing and/or capping agents to control the size and composition of Au NCs, resulting in the environmental pollution caused by the use of organic solvents. [104][105][106][107] Besides, the toxic capping agents or chemicals used in the synthesis process tend to adsorb on the surface of Au NCs, which may cause severe threats to living cells while using Au NCs for drug delivery and diagnostic applications. [108][109][110][111][112] Consideration of the environmental problems, Firdhouse et al summarized the detailed advantages and disadvantages of conventional synthesis techniques for Au NPs synthesis.…”

Strategies of Nanomaterial Application for Enhanced Wound Curing: An Overview

“…Along with cutaneous wound healing, it was effective as both antibacterial and antifungal agent having bactericidal values in the range of 2-8 mg/mL and 2-16 mg/mL. It had excellent viability on human umbilical vein cells and hence proved to be extremely potential [82]. Recently, Shanmugasundaram et al…”