Application of X‐Ray Computed Tomography Technology in Gas Hydrate

Ma, Shenglin; Zheng, Jia‐nan; Tang, Dawei; Li, Yuanping; Li, Qingping; Lv, Xiaoyi

doi:10.1002/ente.201800699

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…For example, for gas hydrate research, X-ray CT scanning can be used to obtain a clear picture of the internal structure of hydrate sediment, determine the occurrence mode of hydrate in sediments, and also simulate the hydrate formation and decomposition process . Elemental physical properties of the sediments, such as porosity, permeability, and hydrate saturation, can be studied in detail with CT scanning without damaging the hydrate sediments . Similarly, NMR is used to understand the molecular structures and physical properties of substances.…”

Section: Exploration Techniques For a Gas Hydrate Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Elemental physical properties of the sediments, such as porosity, permeability, and hydrate saturation, can be studied in detail with CT scanning without damaging the hydrate sediments. 125 Similarly, NMR is used to understand the molecular structures and physical properties of substances. The technique generates a NMR spectrum, irradiating them with electromagnetic waves at an appropriate frequency, absorbs energy, transits the nucleus energy level, and produces NMR signals.…”

Section: Exploration Techniques For a Gas Hydrate Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Review on Exploration and Drilling Techniques for Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs

2020

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With the depletion of conventional oil reservoirs and concerns about the increasing carbon footprint of coal, natural gas is poised to play a much bigger role in sustainable economic growth. Gas hydrates being an abundant source of clean methane have created great interest among academia and industry. Its demographic occurrence in shallow depths has motivated industry and academia to explore its abundance and exploitation potential. Despite being shallow, offshore gas hydrate exploration and drilling is a deepwater endeavor, which was considered expensive and risky as a result of its narrow thermodynamic stability and lack of exploitation experience. However, with recent advancement in technology and long-term field trials, it has been universally accepted that methane production from marine hydrate reservoirs is achievable with innovative drilling techniques and proper well design pertaining to the appropriate location and layout of wells, efficient well orientation, competent casing and tubing design, and completion design requirements for long operating life and reliability of the well. Much has been discussed about exploration and production, but very little has been addressed about the drilling technologies that have the potential for safe and effective exploitation of this resource in commercial quantities. The objective of this review is to enlighten the readers with exploration techniques used to locate gas hydrate reservoirs and discuss drilling tools and techniques that have the potential to avoid premature hydrate dissociation around the wellbore and enhance production life of the well with minimum interventions. The techniques discussed are mostly the learnings from the international drilling projects on different types of gas hydrate reservoirs. This review also focuses on different drilling fluids, pressurized coring systems, and well logs suitable for hydrate reservoirs. We believe that this review will provide a scientific reference material to engineers for safe exploration and drilling and stimulate upcoming exploration and drilling activities in the field of gas hydrates.

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Section: Exploration Techniques For a Gas Hydrate Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exploration Techniques For a Gas Hydrate Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review on Exploration and Drilling Techniques for Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs

2020

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“…3D imaging of these clathrate hydrates with ice or water facilitates a better understanding of their physical properties, owing to differences among the physical properties of clathrate hydrates, ice, and water. Moreover, the investigation of the 3D macrostructure is useful for understanding the crystal growth and dissociation mechanisms. − Pioneering studies on non-destructive observations of clathrate hydrates using magnetic resonance microimaging (MRI) were carried out by Ripmeester et al , MRI is suitable for visualizing the difference between clathrate hydrate and liquid water, because it cannot be distinguished between clathrate hydrate and ice . On the other hand, attempts have been made to quantitatively evaluate clathrate hydrate coexisting with ice by X-ray imaging, , but accurate quantification of the X-ray absorption contrast is necessary to visualize materials with small contrast differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Imaging of Clathrate Hydrates as Gas Storage Materials: Absorption Contrast of Low-Density and Low-Absorption Materials Using Energy-Dependent X-ray Computed Tomography

2022

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Non-destructive observations are useful for analyzing objects embedded in structures, but characterizations of low-density materials co-existing with liquid water or ice are difficult, owing to insufficient contrast produced by X-ray computed tomography (CT). This study demonstrates the contrast between the absorption contrast X-ray images of clathrate hydrates and water as a function of the X-ray energy using monochromatic X-rays. Quantitative characterization of the contrast change in the absorption contrast X-ray CT of resins and clathrate hydrates indicates that X-ray CT measurements using monochromatic X-rays are advantageous for the segmentation of carbon dioxide hydrates co-existing with ice but not for methane or tetrahydrofuran hydrates. This can help in the application of absorption contrast X-ray imaging to previously challenging three-dimensional (3D) studies on gas storage processes in materials, such as shale or active carbon, based on their macroscopic 3D structures.

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“…Researchers directly observed the microscale distribution of hydrates through X-CT technology in previous studies [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Ma et al reviewed the important role of X-ray CT in hydrate research from the aspects of analyzing the basic physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments and identifying the occurrence mode of hydrates in sediments [45]. Li et al synthesized hydrates in sediments of the Shenhu Area of the South China Sea and achieved online observation of the hydrate formation and decomposition processes using X-CT techniques [46,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Pore-Scale Visualization and an Ultrasonic Test System of Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sediments

Meng

Dong

et al. 2022

Energies

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The acoustic characteristics of hydrates are important parameters in geophysical hydrate exploration and hydrate resource estimation. The microscale distribution of hydrate has an important influence on the acoustic response of a hydrate-bearing reservoir. Although microscale hydrate distributions can be determined using means such as X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), it is difficult to obtain acoustic parameters for the same sample. In this study, we developed an experimental system that integrated pore-scale visualization and an ultrasonic testing system for methane-hydrate-bearing sediments. Simultaneous X-CT observation and acoustic detection could be achieved in the same hydrate sample, which provided a new method for synchronously monitoring microscale distributions during acoustic testing of natural gas hydrate samples. Hydrate formation experiments were carried out in sandy sediments, during which the acoustic characteristics of hydrate-bearing sediments were detected, while X-ray computed tomography was performed simultaneously. This study found that hydrates formed mainly at the gas–water interface in the early stage, mainly in the pore fluid in the middle stage, and came into contact with sediments in the later stage. The development of this experimental device solved the difficult problem of determining the quantitative relationship between the microscale hydrate distribution and the acoustic properties of the reservoir.

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Application of X‐Ray Computed Tomography Technology in Gas Hydrate

Cited by 17 publications

References 153 publications

Comprehensive Review on Exploration and Drilling Techniques for Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs

Comprehensive Review on Exploration and Drilling Techniques for Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs

X-ray Imaging of Clathrate Hydrates as Gas Storage Materials: Absorption Contrast of Low-Density and Low-Absorption Materials Using Energy-Dependent X-ray Computed Tomography

Integration of Pore-Scale Visualization and an Ultrasonic Test System of Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sediments

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