Application prospects of multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells in the treatment of skin diseases

Abstract

Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are a subgroup of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that express stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3) and CD105. It is capable of generating cells representing all three germ layers from a single cell and is non-tumorigenic. Muse cells can efficiently migrate and integrate into damaged tissues that produce sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), while Muse cells specifically express S1P receptor 2. The factors secreted by Muse cells play anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, and anti-apoptotic effects, and cooperate to complete the function and structure repair of the damaged group. This review summarizes the basic characteristics of Muse cells and describes their application in skin repair.

Multilineage-Differentiating Stress-Enduring Cells (Muse Cells): An Easily Accessible, Pluripotent Stem Cell Niche with Unique and Powerful Properties for Multiple Regenerative Medicine Applications

“…In this way, most of the MSCs die, and only the Muse cells survive [ 15 ]. The stress conditions resistance of Muse cells could be due to their characteristic non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) system to survive solid genotoxic stress [ 20 ]. The second method to isolate Muse cells from cultured MSCs is the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, in which the specific SSEA3 and CD105 double-positive cells are isolated since Muse cells express both these markers [ 21 ].…”

“…Suspension-cultured Muse cells tend to form embryonic-like cell clusters and maintain their capacity for self-renewal and their pluripotent gene expression (triploblastic differentiation). Adhesion-cultured Muse cells tend to lose these staminality characteristics [ 20 ].…”

“…MG have high morbidity and mortality. Hence, effective treatment could be of great importance [ 20 ]. Yamasaki et al intracranially injected Muse-tk (Muse cells transfected with the suicide gene Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase, HSVtk) into immunodeficient nude mice with human MG. After cell injection, Muse-tk cells showed potent migratory activity toward glioma cells.…”