Applications of artificial intelligence and bioinformatics methodologies in the analysis of ocular biofluid markers: a scoping review

Pucchio, Aidan; Krance, Saffire H.; Pur, Daiana R.; Bhatti, Jasmine; Bassi, Arshpreet; Manichavagan, Karthik; Brahmbhatt, Shaily; Aggarwal, Ishita; Singh, Priyanka; Virani, Aleena; Stanley, Meagan; Miranda, Rafael N.; Felfeli, Tina

doi:10.1007/s00417-023-06100-6

Cited by 1 publication

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“…1 Recently, there has been a growing interest in using cytokines in aqueous humour and vitreous collected via anterior chamber (AC) paracentesis and vitreous sampling, respectively, as surrogate markers to understand disease pathogenesis, monitor disease progression and assess treatment response. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Given the emerging research and clinical practices based on cytokine analysis, it is imperative to ensure that methodologies to measure cytokines are robust. Any conclusions drawn from poor handling of the ocular samples and unreliable method of cytokine quantification could potentially result in misled clinical decisions with negative outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the long-term biological stability of cytokine biomarkers in ocular fluid samples

Felfeli,

Park,

Nestor

et al. 2023

BMJ Open Ophth

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PurposeThe quality of biological fluid samples is vital for optimal preanalytical procedures and a requirement for effective translational biomarker research. This study aims to determine the effects of storage duration and freeze-thawing on the levels of various cytokines in the human aqueous humour and vitreous samples.Methods and analysisHuman ocular aqueous humour and vitreous samples were obtained from 25 eyes and stored at −80°C for analysis. All samples were assayed for 27 cytokine biomarker concentrations (pg/mL) using a multiplex assay. Four sample storage durations following sample collection were evaluated (1 week, 3 months, 9 months and 15 months). Additionally, samples underwent up to three freeze-thaw cycles within the study period.ResultsAmong the 27 cytokine biomarkers, concentrations of four cytokines (Interleukin (IL)−2, IL-10, IL-12 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB) were significantly decreased by storage duration at all time points, as early as 3 months following sample collection (range of 9%–37% decline between 1 week and 15 months, p<0.001). Freeze-thawing of up to three cycles did not significantly impact the cytokine biomarker concentrations in aqueous humour or vitreous. Separability of patient-specific cytokine biomarker profiles in the principal component analysis remained relatively the same over the 15 months of storage duration.ConclusionThe findings from this study suggest that several intraocular cytokine biomarkers in human aqueous humour and vitreous samples may be susceptible to degradation with long-term storage, as early as 3 months after collection. The overall patient-specific cytokine biomarker profiles are more stable than concentrations of individual cytokines. Future studies should focus on developing guidelines for optimal and standardised sample handling methods to ensure correct research findings about intraocular biomarkers are translated into clinical practice.

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