Applied nuclear physics at the new high-energy particle accelerator facilities

Durante, Marco; Голубев, А. А.; Park, Woo-Yoon; Trautmann, C.

doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2019.01.004

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Finally, modern radiobiology is exploiting new technological improvements in radiotherapy, such as ultra-high dose rates (FLASH) [ 314 , 315 , 316 ] and spatially fractionated radiotherapy (minibeam) [ 317 , 318 , 319 ]. Research in this field needs high-intensity sources, such as synchrotron radiation, electrons, or protons (from cyclotrons), but the high intensities that can be achieved with the new heavy ion synchrotrons under construction [ 320 ] open the possibility of studying FLASH and minibeam with carbon or heavier ions. Some preliminary results with carbon ion interleaved minibeams in a rabbit brain [ 321 ] and calculations of molecular oxygen production under FLASH conditions [ 322 ] with C-ions suggest that these new methods can be highly beneficial in C-ion therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Ion Radiobiology

Tinganelli

Durante

2020

Cancers

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Radiotherapy using accelerated charged particles is rapidly growing worldwide. About 85% of the cancer patients receiving particle therapy are irradiated with protons, which have physical advantages compared to X-rays but a similar biological response. In addition to the ballistic advantages, heavy ions present specific radiobiological features that can make them attractive for treating radioresistant, hypoxic tumors. An ideal heavy ion should have lower toxicity in the entrance channel (normal tissue) and be exquisitely effective in the target region (tumor). Carbon ions have been chosen because they represent the best combination in this direction. Normal tissue toxicities and second cancer risk are similar to those observed in conventional radiotherapy. In the target region, they have increased relative biological effectiveness and a reduced oxygen enhancement ratio compared to X-rays. Some radiobiological properties of densely ionizing carbon ions are so distinct from X-rays and protons that they can be considered as a different “drug” in oncology, and may elicit favorable responses such as an increased immune response and reduced angiogenesis and metastatic potential. The radiobiological properties of carbon ions should guide patient selection and treatment protocols to achieve optimal clinical results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Ion Radiobiology

Tinganelli

Durante

2020

Cancers

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158

134

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“…New accelerators such as the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, that is to be completed in 2025, can produce heavy ion beams up to around 10 GeV/n as compared to 1 GeV/n with the current setting (reviewed in [101]). This is particularly relevant for ground-based studies of possible galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) effects, as part of the particle flux in the GCR exceeds 1 GeV/n [102].…”

Section: Improving Particle Therapy and Radiation Risk Assessment Usimentioning

confidence: 99%

Solving the Issue of Ionizing Radiation Induced Neurotoxicity by Using Novel Cell Models and State of the Art Accelerator Facilities

et al. 2020

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Cognitive dysfunction induced by ionizing radiation remains a major concern in radiation therapy as well as in space mission projects. Both fields require sophisticated approaches to improve protection of the brain and its neuronal circuits. Radiation therapy related research focusses on advanced techniques imposing maximal effect on the tumor while minimizing toxicity to the surrounding tissue. Research for example has led to the revival of spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) and the advent of FLASH radiotherapy. To investigate the influence of the space radiation environment on brain cells, low dose, high LET radiation in addition to simulated microgravity have to be studied. Both research areas, however, call for cutting-edge cellular systems that faithfully resemble the architecture of the human brain, its development and its regeneration to understand the mechanisms of radiation-induced neurotoxicity and their prevention. In this review, we discuss the proposed mechanisms of neurotoxicity such as the loss of complexity within the neuronal networks, vascular changes, or neuroinflammation. We compare the current in vivo and in vitro studies of neurotoxicity including animal models, animal and human neural stem cells, and neurosphere models. Particularly, we will address the new and promising technique of generating human brain organoids and their potential use in radiation biology.

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“…La prevalencia puede estar entre el 2 y el 5 por mil de la población adulta y suele ser más frecuente en varones (48), aunque solo hay una pequeña parte diagnosticada. Las dos variantes fenotípicas más habituales son la presentación juvenil o la del adulto, y con toleradas hemodinámicamente, como las ventriculares que pueden anteceder y predecir la muerte súbita (MS) , la complicación más temida de estos pacientes.…”

Section: Miocardiopatía Hipertrófica (Mch)unclassified

“…Las dos variantes fenotípicas más habituales son la presentación juvenil o la del adulto, y con toleradas hemodinámicamente, como las ventriculares que pueden anteceder y predecir la muerte súbita (MS) , la complicación más temida de estos pacientes. (48).…”

Section: Miocardiopatía Hipertrófica (Mch)unclassified

“…Los aceleradores de iones mediante láser son técnicamente muy diferentes de los aceleradores convencionales, son más pequeños y compactos (se reducen en más de un orden de magnitud) y a costes radicalmente inferiores. Se están efectuado ingentes esfuerzos tanto de desarrollo [47] como en investigación [48] en la búsqueda de soluciones avanzadas de estos sistemas láser que por el momento permiten efectuar terapias poco profundas [47], pero es muy previsible, que los avances científicos y tecnológicos tan acelerados [49] que se están produciendo, sin despreciar los desafíos que se han de afrontar, permite estimar que se lograrán sistemas aceleradores láser muy compactos, muy reducidos en tamaño, mucho menos pesados, ágiles y precisos y a precios varios ordenes de magnitud inferiores que posibiliten su uso extensivo en un gran número de hospitales del mundo.…”

Section: Dos Investigaciones Potencialmente Disruptivas a Futurounclassified

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2019

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in the United States and Canada are very complex since include, along with Anatomic Pathology, the laboratory services of the medical center (8). The traditional divisions are: 1) Anatomic Pathology, 2) Clinical Pathology (Laboratory Medicine) and more recently, 3) Genomics and 4) Community or Regional Pathology. Anatomic Pathology is subdivided in: 1) Surgical Pathology Subspecialty Services (i.e. Neuro, GI, Breast, Cardiac, Bone, Uropathology, etc.), 2) Cytology and 3) Autopsy. Clinical Pathology or Laboratory is subdivided in: 1) Chemistry, 2) Hematopathology, 3) Microbiology, 4) Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) / Transplant, 5) Molecular Pathology, 6) Transfusion Medicine, 7) Coagulation. Genomics is subdivided in: 1) Cytogenetics and 2) Molecular Genetics Departments of Genetics have a Clinical Division, frequently subdivided into: 1) Prenatal, 2) General Genetics, 3) Inborn Errors of Metabolism and 4) Cancer Genetics. As above mentioned, Institutes are structured based on COEs. This concept is easy to understand in disea-DIAGNOSTIC INSTITUTE DEPARTMENTS OF RADIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND GENETICS IN THE UNITED STATES

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Applied nuclear physics at the new high-energy particle accelerator facilities

Cited by 55 publications

References 203 publications

Carbon Ion Radiobiology

Carbon Ion Radiobiology

Solving the Issue of Ionizing Radiation Induced Neurotoxicity by Using Novel Cell Models and State of the Art Accelerator Facilities

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