Applying ALARA Principles in the Design of New Radiological Facilities

Baker, Samuel I.; Kamboj, S.

doi:10.1097/hp.0000000000001515

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…International radiation groups have proposed specific guidelines to lessen and reduce the risks of radiation exposure to human organs. ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) is the most popular radiation protection rule that is based on reducing radiation doses by minimizing the time of radiation exposure, putting as much distance as possible between the user and the source of radiation, and the usage of radiation shields must be applied 7 . Lead and concrete are the traditional and common shielding materials utilized as protective materials in radiation facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation properties of poly methyl methacrylate reinforced with micro/nano ZrO2 as gamma-ray shields

Alabsy,

Abbas,

El-khatib

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This research aimed to examine the radiation shielding properties of unique polymer composites for medical and non-medical applications. For this purpose, polymer composites, based on poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a matrix, were prepared and reinforced with micro- and nanoparticles of ZrO2 fillers at a loading of 15%, 30%, and 45% by weight. Using the high purity germanium (HPGe) detector, the suggested polymer composites’ shielding characteristics were assessed for various radioactive sources. The experimental values of the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) of the produced composites agreed closely with those obtained theoretically from the XCOM database. Different shielding parameters were estimated at a broad range of photon energies, including the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), tenth value layer (TVL), half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective electron density (Neff), effective atomic number (Zeff), and equivalent atomic number (Zeq), as well as exposure buildup factor (EBF) and energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) to provide more shielding information about the penetration of γ-rays into the chosen composites. The results showed that increasing the content of micro and nano ZrO2 particles in the PMMA matrix increases μ values and decreases HVL, TVL, and MFP values. P-45nZ sample with 45 wt% of ZrO2 nanoparticles had the highest μ values, which varied between 2.6546 and 0.0991 cm−1 as γ-ray photon energy increased from 0.0595 to 1.408 MeV, respectively. Furthermore, the highest relative increase rate in μ values between nano and micro composites was 17.84%, achieved for the P-45nZ sample at 59.53 keV. These findings demonstrated that ZrO2 nanoparticles shield radiation more effectively than micro ZrO2 even at the same photon energy and filler wt%. Thus, the proposed nano ZrO2/PMMA composites can be used as effective shielding materials to lessen the transmitted radiation dose in radiation facilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation properties of poly methyl methacrylate reinforced with micro/nano ZrO2 as gamma-ray shields

Alabsy,

Abbas,

El-khatib

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real‐time dosimetry can provide immediate information about occupational radiation dose rates with the opportunity to react during interventions, for example by changing the position or increasing the distance to the x‐ray source. It might raise the awareness of elevated radiation exposure according to the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle which proposes to use the lowest dose possible for sufficient image quality and diagnostic information 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It might raise the awareness of elevated radiation exposure according to the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle which proposes to use the lowest dose possible for sufficient image quality and diagnostic information. 10 Despite several studies in the field of occupational live-screen dosimetry and reports on their clinical advantages, [11][12][13][14][15] comprehensive systematic evaluations of radiation dose monitoring during angiographic interventions are sparse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduction of radiation dose using real‐time visual feedback dosimetry during angiographic interventions

Koch

Conrades

Gruenewald

et al. 2022

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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This prospective study sought to evaluate potential savings of radiation dose to medical staff using real‐time dosimetry coupled with visual radiation dose feedback during angiographic interventions. For this purpose, we analyzed a total of 214 angiographic examinations that consisted of chemoembolizations and several other types of therapeutic interventions. The Unfors RaySafe i2 dosimeter was worn by the interventionalist at chest height over the lead protection. A total of 110 interventions were performed with real‐time radiation dosimetry allowing the interventionalist to react upon higher x‐ray exposure and 104 examinations served as the comparative group without real‐time radiation monitoring. By using the real‐time display during interventions, the overall mean operator radiation dose decreased from 3.67 (IQR, 0.95–23.01) to 2.36 μSv (IQR, 0.52–12.66) (−36%; p = 0.032) at simultaneously reduced operator exposure time by 4.5 min ( p = 0.071). Dividing interventions into chemoembolizations and other types of therapeutic interventions, radiation dose decreased from 1.31 (IQR, 0.46‐3.62) to 0.95 μSv (IQR, 0.53‐3.11) and from 24.39 (IQR, 12.14‐63.0) to 10.37 μSv (IQR, 0.85‐36.84), respectively, using live‐screen dosimetry ( p ≤ 0.005). Radiation dose reductions were also observed for the participating assistants, indicating that they could also benefit from real‐time visual feedback dosimetry during interventions (−30%; p = 0.039). Integration of real‐time dosimetry into clinical processes might be useful in reducing occupational radiation exposure time during angiographic interventions. The real‐time visual feedback raised the awareness of interventionalists and their assistants to the potential danger of prolonged radiation exposure leading to the adoption of radiation‐sparing practices. Therefore, it might create a safer environment for the medical staff by keeping the applied radiation exposure as low as possible.

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Assessment of the knowledge level of radiographers and CT technologists regarding computed tomography parameters in Iran

Kazemi

Hajimiri

Saghatchi

et al. 2023

Radiation Medicine and Protection

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Applying ALARA Principles in the Design of New Radiological Facilities

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Attenuation properties of poly methyl methacrylate reinforced with micro/nano ZrO2 as gamma-ray shields

Attenuation properties of poly methyl methacrylate reinforced with micro/nano ZrO2 as gamma-ray shields

Reduction of radiation dose using real‐time visual feedback dosimetry during angiographic interventions

Assessment of the knowledge level of radiographers and CT technologists regarding computed tomography parameters in Iran

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