Applying IoT Sensors and Big Data to Improve Precision Crop Production: A Review

Abstract

The potential benefits of applying information and communication technology (ICT) in precision agriculture to enhance sustainable agricultural growth were discussed in this review article. The current technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), as well as their applications, must be integrated into the agricultural sector to ensure long-term agricultural productivity. These technologies have the potential to improve global food security by reducing crop output gaps, decreasing food waste, and minimizing resource use inefficiencies. The importance of collecting and analyzing big data from multiple sources, particularly in situ and on-the-go sensors, is also highlighted as an important component of achieving predictive decision making capabilities in precision agriculture and forecasting yields using advanced yield prediction models developed through machine learning. Finally, we cover the replacement of wired-based, complicated systems in infield monitoring with wireless sensor networks (WSN), particularly in the agricultural sector, and emphasize the necessity of knowing the radio frequency (RF) contributing aspects that influence signal intensity, interference, system model, bandwidth, and transmission range when creating a successful Agricultural Internet of Thing Ag-IoT system. The relevance of communication protocols and interfaces for presenting agricultural data acquired from sensors in various formats is also emphasized in the paper, as is the function of 4G, 3G, and 5G technologies in IoT-based smart farming. Overall, these research sheds light on the significance of wireless sensor networks and big data in the future of precision crop production

IoT Solutions with Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Precision Agriculture: Definitions, Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities

“…Table 1 shows review studies that refer to IoT and AI for agriculture. Several studies [61][62][63][64][65][66] acknowledge the complementary relationship between IoT devices and AI algorithms in agriculture. However, these works often lack systematic reviews, potentially overlooking relevant literature and limiting the scope of analysis.…”

Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Agriculture Applications: A Survey

“…The roadmap includes advanced data processing, machine learning, data security, farmer training, scalability, collaboration, and cost-efficiency to facilitate extensive utilization. [538], [628]- [634] 5G and 6G for SA It holds immense potential for real-time data transmission, enabling precision farming and remote monitoring. Key focus areas encompass infrastructure development, regulatory support, farmer training, data security, and integration to unlock the full capabilities of these technologies for sustainable and efficient agriculture.…”

“…Key focus areas encompass infrastructure development, regulatory support, farmer training, data security, and integration to unlock the full capabilities of these technologies for sustainable and efficient agriculture. [65], [628], [635]- [637] Block Chain Systems It offers transparent, decentralized data management. The path forward involves investing in infrastructure, standardizing data, empowering farmers, ensuring data security, and fostering collaborations to maximize the technology's potential, reinforcing data integrity and trust in agriculture.…”

“…5G, constituting the fifth generation of wireless technology, represents a remarkable leap forward, offering significant enhancements such as accelerated data speeds, diminished latency, and improved connectivity. These enhancements translate to heightened real-time monitoring and faster transmission of sensor data, ultimately refining coordination among devices in agricultural applications [538], [628]. Looking ahead, 6G technology, still in its developmental phase, holds the potential to revolutionize data collection and analysis, potentially achieving speeds in the range of terabits per second, thereby ensuring exceptionally timely and precise insights for farmers [629], [632].…”

“…6G-technology pledges to enable the interconnection of various extensive sensors, granting farmers the capacity to gather intricate, plant-specific information. This transformative potential fueled by 6G-technology is poised to revolutionize SA, ensuring precise data collection, advanced robotics, and precision agriculture in remote locations, ren- data manipulation attacks, where crucial information about crops with minimal pesticide usage is securely stored within the blockchain's immutable ledger [628], [635], [636]. This advancement ensures the integrity and reliability of essential agricultural data, ultimately contributing to enhanced decision-making processes.…”